평서문 | I love you |
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의문문 | You love me? |
부정문 | I don't love you |
명령문 | Do! love. |
현재 | I love you. |
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과거 | I loved you. |
미래 | I will love you. |
1. 여기가 어디입니까? | Where am I? |
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의문문은 (동사 + 주어) | |
please tell me where I am. | |
It seems that the man does not know where he is. | |
2. 누구십니까?“ “접니다.” | “Who is it?” “It's me.” |
모습이 보이지 않으면 ( It's ) | |
Go and see who it is. | |
I do not know who it is. | |
3. 그녀는 요리 솜씨가 좋다고 합니다. | I hear she is a good cook. |
내가 듣기에는 ( I hear) cook well → a good cook 명사형으로 구체적 | |
He is a good sailor. | |
I am a bad (or poor) tennis player. | |
He is a good talker. but a poor listener. | |
4. 그녀는 아직 독신으로 있다. | She remain single. |
she is still single. is still → remain | |
They remain (or keep) silent and dumb. | |
You look pale. | |
I feel hungry. | |
5. 우리 마을은 그 호수의 동쪽에 있다. | Our town lies to the east of the lake. |
동쪽에 - to the east. …에 있다. lies / is situated | |
Busan lies in the south of Korea. | |
Busan in the southern part of this country. | |
Ireland lies (to the) west of England. | |
6. 교회는 동산 위에 있다. | The church stands on a hill. |
산이나 건물이 ”…있다“ → stand | |
Paris stands on the Seine. | |
The mountain stands in the western part of our prefecture. | |
7. 읍사무소 뒤에는 냇물이 있다. | A stream runs behind the village office. |
“냇물이 있다” → “흐르고 있다” : “run; flow” | |
The Thames runs through the city of London. | |
The Rhine runs into North Sea. | |
8. 이 통 속에는 포도주가 많이 있다. | There is a good deal of wine in this cask. |
다량의 : a good(great) deal of~ 통 : a cask | |
There are a large number of people in the square. | |
There are two misspelt words in this letter. | |
9. 일 년은 몇 개월입니까? | How many months are there in a year? |
얼마나 how much / 길이 How long / 거리 How far | |
How many hours there in a day? | |
How many puils are there in this class? | |
10. “지금 몇 시입니까?” “제 시계로는 지금 9시 15분입니다.” | “What time is it now?” “It is a quarter past nine by my watch.” |
9시 15분 전 : a quater to nine | |
What time is it now by your watch? | |
It is just half past three by my watch. | |
11. 오늘은 맑지만 바람이 있다. | It is fine, but very windy today. |
흐린 cloudy / 비오는 rainy / 바람부는 windy / 눈 내리는 snowy / 구름이 많은 foggy / 안개낀 smoggy / 안개가 짙은 hazy / 뜨거운 hot / 추운 cold / 따뜻한 warm / 시원한 fresh and cool / 화창한 mild | |
It is cloudy and very cold today. | |
It is very fine today, and there is not a (speck of) cloud in the sky. | |
12. 오늘은 4월 13일 금요일이다. | It is the 13th of April and Friday today. |
1월 January 2월 February 3월 March 4월 April 5월 May 6월 June 7월 July 8월 August 9월 September 10월 October 11월 November 12월 December / 일요일 Sunday 월요일 Monday 화요일 Tuesday 수요일 Wednesday 목요일 Thursday 금요일 Friday 토요일 Saturday | |
What day of the week is it today? | |
It is Sunday today, and there is (or we have) no school. | |
13. 그 지방에는 눈이 옵니까? | Do they have much snow in that distirict (or in that part of the country)? |
it을 주어로 Does it snow a great deal in~? | |
We have a warm climate and a great deal of rain in this district (or in this part of the country). | |
14. 여기서 공항까지 (거리가) 얼마나 됩니까? | How far is it from here to the airport? |
거리가 얼마나 How far is it~ | |
It is 100 meters from here to the sea. | |
“How far is it from your house to your school?” | |
”(It is) Only 300 meters.“ | |
15. 이 방은 좀 어둡지 않습니까? | It is rather dark in this room. isn't it? |
It is → isn't it / He has → hasn't he? | |
It is very dark in the tunnel. | |
On a winter morning it is not yet light even at seven. | |
16. 모두들 안녕하십니까? | How is it with your family? |
How are you family? → it을 주어로 How is it | |
It is all up (or also the case) with me. (이제는 틀렸다.) | |
It is the same or also the case) with ~ (~의 경우도 같다.) | |
How goes it (with you)? (어떻게 지내는가?) | |
It is the same with man. | |
How is it with your children? | |
이 책은 표지가 연한 녹색이다. | This book has a light green cover. |
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A watch has three hands; an hour hand, a minute hand and a second han. | |
A leap year has 366 days. (leap year : 윤년) | |
안 됐지만 가진 돈이 없습니다. | I am sorry I have no money with me. |
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It you have any money with you, please lend me a hundred won. | |
I have nothing to do with him. | |
그는 무거운 배낭을 짊어지고 있다. | He has a heavy rucksack on his back. |
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He has a book under his arm. | |
She has a bag on her left shoulder. | |
그는 하루에 두 끼밖에 못 먹지 않습니까? | Does he have only two meals a day? |
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I have a cup of tea. | |
I do not have lunch on Sunday. | |
나는 대체로 감기에 걸리는 일이 없다. | I don't have colds as a general rule. |
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As I have a slight cold, I won't have a bath. | |
We do not have much difficulty with the work. | |
당신은 기억력이 참 좋군요. | What a good memory you have (got) ! |
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He has a bright head, but a cold heart. | |
She has a poor memory. | |
오늘은 두통이 심하다. | I have a bad head ache today. |
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I have a slight stomachache today. | |
I am going to the dentist's as I have a toothache. | |
해는 동쪽에서 떠서 서쪽으로 진다. | The sun rises in the east and sets in the west. |
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Twice two is four. 2곱하기 2는 4 | |
History repeats itself. 역사는 되풀이 된다. | |
동서남북 North-South-East-West | |
우리 할아버지는 새벽잠이 없어서 아침마다 다섯시면 일어나신다. | My grandfather is an early riser; he never fails to get up at five every morning. |
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The early bird catches the worm | |
a late riser 잠꾸러기 | |
저는 동아일보와 코리아타임즈를 보고 있습니다. | I take the Dong-A magazine and the Korea Times. |
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We take the Dong-A Ilbo | |
What paper do you take? | |
고향이 어디십니까? | What part of the country do you come from? |
live with my uncle's (house) | |
I came from Hawaii. 제 고향은 하와이입니다. | |
“당신은 지금 어디에 살고 계십니까?” “수원의 아저씨 집에 있습니다.” | “Where do you live now?” “I live with my uncle in Suwon.” |
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즐거웠던 옛 시절을 기억하고 있습니까? | Do you remember the good old day? |
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이 근방에 용한 의사를 알고 계시지 않습니까? | Do you know of any good doctor near here? |
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저 분의 이름과 직업은 무엇입니까? | Who and what is he? |
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이 편지는 누구에게서 왔습니까? | who is this letter from? |
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이 상자는 어디에 씁니까? | What do you use this box for! |
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세계에서 가장 높은 산은 무엇인가? | What is the highest mountain in the world? |
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양선생은 무슨 교수입니까? | What is Mr.Yang a proffessor of? |
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두 분 중의 어느 쪽이 형입니까? | Which of two is the elder brother? |
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너는 어느 길을 택하겠느냐? | which way do you take? |
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왜 그렇게 생각하십니까? | what makes you think so? |
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아침에는 몇 시에 일어나고 밤에는 몇 시에 자리에 듭니까? | What time do you get up and what time do you go to ed? |
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미국에는 얼마나 계실 겁니까? | How long do you intend to stay in America? |
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이번 하숙은 어떻습니까? | How do you find your new lodging house? |
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차 한 잔 어떻습니까? | How about a cup of tea? |
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왜 저에게 그렇게 화를 내고 있습니까? | Why are you so angry with me? |
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“나는 그를 좋아하지 않아요.” “왜요?” | “I don't like him.” “Why not?” |
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이 철교는 참 길기도 하다. | How long this Iron bridge is! |
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참 화창한 봄날이구나! | What a bright spring day (it is)! |
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“그게 정말입니까?” “아마 그렇지 않을 겁니다.” | “Is it true?” “Perhaps not.” |
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그는 바보가 아닙니다. | He is no fool. |
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“너는 토마토를 좋아하지 않는구나?” “네, 좋아하지 않아요.” | “Don't you like tomatoes?” “No, I don't” |
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그는 악귀와 같은 사나이다. 그를 좋아하는 사람은 아무도 없다. | He is a devil of a man. Nobody likes him. |
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그의 부인은 사치스럽다. 아무것도 그녀를 만족시키지 못한다. | His wife is extravagant. Nothing please her. |
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이 마을에는 의사가 없다. | There is no doctor in this village. (or This village has no doctor. |
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“미국에 누구 친한 분 없습니까? 있으면 소개해 주십시오.” “없어요. 단 한 사람도 없어요.” | Have you any friends in America? If you have one. please introduce him to me.” “No, I haven't any (or I have none).” |
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우편 배달이 매일 두 차례 오는 것만은 아닙니다. | The postman does not come round twice every day. |
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아버지도 나도 담배를 피우지 않는다. | Neither my father nor I am a smoker. |
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당신의 작문에는 잘못이 좀 있습니다. (거의 없습니다.) | There are a few mistakes in your composition. (There are few…) |
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그가 성공할 희망은 거의 없다. | There is little hope of his success. |
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“나는 그에게 찬성하지 않는다.” “나도 그렇다.” | “I don't agree with him.” “Neither (or Nor) do I.” |
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그 희극 배우는 집에서는 절대로 웃지 않는다. | That comedian never smiles at home. |
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그의 가족은 모두가 이야기하기를 좋아했다. | All his family were fond of talking. |
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과거형으로 표현하는 게 더 자연스러움. 가족은 복수로 'his family' 좋아했다 → were fond of |
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In those days his family wer five in all. | |
Where were the committee? | |
Those cattle wer of a Danish breed. | |
어제는 겨울치고는 이상스럽게 따뜻했다. | It was unusually warm for winter yesterday. |
어제는 처음부터 과거시제. 이상스럽게 (부사+형용사) → unusually warm. 겨울치고는 → for winter |
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It was unusually cool for summer yesterday. | |
It was unusually windy the day before yesterday. | |
나는 1948년 4월 11일 서울에서 태어났다. | I was born in Seoul on the 11th of April, 1948. |
태어난 시점이므로 과거형 → was born | |
Thomas Edison was born in America in 1847. | |
He was born in the twenties of the Sejong era. |
A. 단순 미래
평서문 “(하지 않으)리라” |
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I [We] shall (미국식 will) (not) succeed. |
You [You] will (not) succeed. |
He [She, It, They] will (not) succeed. |
*미국식 영어에서는 I [We] will (not) succeed 를 즐겨 쓴다.
의문문 …(하지 않을) 것일까? |
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Shall I [We] (not) succeed? |
Shall you [You] will (not) succeed. |
He [She, It, They] will (not) succeed. |
*Shan't [∫ɑːnt]…, Won't [wount]…로 쓰기도 한다.
B.의지 미래
평서문 1인칭(이야기하는 사람)의 의지 : “나는 …할 작정이다” |
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I will do (= intend to do). |
You (You) shall do ( = I will make (or let) you do). |
He shall do ( = I will make (or let) him do. |
의문문 2인칭(상대방)의 의지를 물음 : “당신은 …할 작정인가?” |
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Shall I do ( = Do you wish me to do)? |
Will you do ( = Do you intend to do)? |
Shall he do ( = Do you wish him to do)? |
이번에는 입학 시험에 합격하리라 생각한다. | I hope I shall/will pass the entrance examination this time. |
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좋은 결과를 바라는 “hope” ↔ “afraid” 합격하다. pass / succeed in ↔fail in; be plucked |
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I'm afraid it whill snow this evening. | |
I hope it will be fine tomorrow. |
나는 이 소설을 내일 밤까지 다 못 읽으리라. | I shall/will not be able to finish (reading) this novel by tomorrow evening |
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내일 밤까지 by tomorrow evening 다 읽다 finish 할 수 없으리라 shall not be able to / shall be unable. |
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I sat up till 3 o'clock. | |
Wake me up by 7 o'clock. |
나는 여름방학이 되면 곧 귀향할 것입니다. | I shall/will go home as soon ass the summer holliday begin. |
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하자마자 곧 as soon as 여름 방학이 되다 - 시작 begin | |
We shall/will go camping to Mt. Seolak next Friday. | |
I shall/will start if it is fine tomorrow. |
모두 집에 돌아가 버렸다. | Everybody has gone home. |
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everybody → 단수 현재의 상태 → 현재완료 gone |
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= There is nobody here. | |
Winter is over, and spring has come. | |
He has gone to the office and his son to school. |
그녀는 행복해졌다. | She has become happy. |
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동작완료의 결과 → 현재완료 | |
= She is happy | |
It has become quite warm. | |
He has suddenly become rich. |
아베베는 이미 테이프를 끊고 말았습니다. | Abebe has already breasted the tape. |
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He has already written a letter. | |
I have already finished reading this novel. |
나는 미국의 아저씨에게 편지를 쓰고 있습니다. | I am writing (a letter to my uncle in America. |
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진행중의 동작이므로 I write가 아닌 I am write | |
I am writing home to my parents. | |
I am reading a letter from a friend of mine in Jeju. |