목차

문법에 따른 영어 작문 패턴

영어 문장의 형태

평서문 I love you
의문문 You love me?
부정문 I don't love you
명령문 Do! love.
현재 I love you.
과거 I loved you.
미래 I will love you.

시제(Tense) 1

현재

1. 여기가 어디입니까? Where am I?
의문문은 (동사 + 주어)
please tell me where I am.
It seems that the man does not know where he is.
2. 누구십니까?“ “접니다.” “Who is it?” “It's me.”
모습이 보이지 않으면 ( It's )
Go and see who it is.
I do not know who it is.
3. 그녀는 요리 솜씨가 좋다고 합니다. I hear she is a good cook.
내가 듣기에는 ( I hear) cook well → a good cook 명사형으로 구체적
He is a good sailor.
I am a bad (or poor) tennis player.
He is a good talker. but a poor listener.
4. 그녀는 아직 독신으로 있다. She remain single.
she is still single. is still → remain
They remain (or keep) silent and dumb.
You look pale.
I feel hungry.
5. 우리 마을은 그 호수의 동쪽에 있다. Our town lies to the east of the lake.
동쪽에 - to the east. …에 있다. lies / is situated
Busan lies in the south of Korea.
Busan in the southern part of this country.
Ireland lies (to the) west of England.
6. 교회는 동산 위에 있다. The church stands on a hill.
산이나 건물이 ”…있다“ → stand
Paris stands on the Seine.
The mountain stands in the western part of our prefecture.
7. 읍사무소 뒤에는 냇물이 있다. A stream runs behind the village office.
“냇물이 있다” → “흐르고 있다” : “run; flow”
The Thames runs through the city of London.
The Rhine runs into North Sea.
8. 이 통 속에는 포도주가 많이 있다. There is a good deal of wine in this cask.
다량의 : a good(great) deal of~ 통 : a cask
There are a large number of people in the square.
There are two misspelt words in this letter.
9. 일 년은 몇 개월입니까? How many months are there in a year?
얼마나 how much / 길이 How long / 거리 How far
How many hours there in a day?
How many puils are there in this class?
10. “지금 몇 시입니까?” “제 시계로는 지금 9시 15분입니다.” “What time is it now?” “It is a quarter past nine by my watch.”
9시 15분 전 : a quater to nine
What time is it now by your watch?
It is just half past three by my watch.
11. 오늘은 맑지만 바람이 있다. It is fine, but very windy today.
흐린 cloudy / 비오는 rainy / 바람부는 windy / 눈 내리는 snowy / 구름이 많은 foggy / 안개낀 smoggy / 안개가 짙은 hazy / 뜨거운 hot / 추운 cold / 따뜻한 warm / 시원한 fresh and cool / 화창한 mild
It is cloudy and very cold today.
It is very fine today, and there is not a (speck of) cloud in the sky.
12. 오늘은 4월 13일 금요일이다. It is the 13th of April and Friday today.
1월 January 2월 February 3월 March 4월 April 5월 May 6월 June 7월 July 8월 August 9월 September 10월 October 11월 November 12월 December / 일요일 Sunday 월요일 Monday 화요일 Tuesday 수요일 Wednesday 목요일 Thursday 금요일 Friday 토요일 Saturday
What day of the week is it today?
It is Sunday today, and there is (or we have) no school.
13. 그 지방에는 눈이 옵니까? Do they have much snow in that distirict (or in that part of the country)?
it을 주어로 Does it snow a great deal in~?
We have a warm climate and a great deal of rain in this district (or in this part of the country).
14. 여기서 공항까지 (거리가) 얼마나 됩니까? How far is it from here to the airport?
거리가 얼마나 How far is it~
It is 100 meters from here to the sea.
“How far is it from your house to your school?”
”(It is) Only 300 meters.“
15. 이 방은 좀 어둡지 않습니까? It is rather dark in this room. isn't it?
It is → isn't it / He has → hasn't he?
It is very dark in the tunnel.
On a winter morning it is not yet light even at seven.
16. 모두들 안녕하십니까? How is it with your family?
How are you family? → it을 주어로 How is it
It is all up (or also the case) with me. (이제는 틀렸다.)
It is the same or also the case) with ~ (~의 경우도 같다.)
How goes it (with you)? (어떻게 지내는가?)
It is the same with man.
How is it with your children?
이 책은 표지가 연한 녹색이다. This book has a light green cover.
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A watch has three hands; an hour hand, a minute hand and a second han.
A leap year has 366 days. (leap year : 윤년)
안 됐지만 가진 돈이 없습니다. I am sorry I have no money with me.
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It you have any money with you, please lend me a hundred won.
I have nothing to do with him.
그는 무거운 배낭을 짊어지고 있다. He has a heavy rucksack on his back.
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He has a book under his arm.
She has a bag on her left shoulder.
그는 하루에 두 끼밖에 못 먹지 않습니까? Does he have only two meals a day?
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I have a cup of tea.
I do not have lunch on Sunday.
나는 대체로 감기에 걸리는 일이 없다. I don't have colds as a general rule.
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As I have a slight cold, I won't have a bath.
We do not have much difficulty with the work.
당신은 기억력이 참 좋군요. What a good memory you have (got) !
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He has a bright head, but a cold heart.
She has a poor memory.
오늘은 두통이 심하다. I have a bad head ache today.
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I have a slight stomachache today.
I am going to the dentist's as I have a toothache.
해는 동쪽에서 떠서 서쪽으로 진다. The sun rises in the east and sets in the west.
rise from the east rise in the east
Twice two is four. 2곱하기 2는 4
History repeats itself. 역사는 되풀이 된다.
동서남북 North-South-East-West
우리 할아버지는 새벽잠이 없어서 아침마다 다섯시면 일어나신다. My grandfather is an early riser; he never fails to get up at five every morning.
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The early bird catches the worm
a late riser 잠꾸러기
저는 동아일보와 코리아타임즈를 보고 있습니다. I take the Dong-A magazine and the Korea Times.
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We take the Dong-A Ilbo
What paper do you take?
고향이 어디십니까? What part of the country do you come from?
live with my uncle's (house)
I came from Hawaii. 제 고향은 하와이입니다.
“당신은 지금 어디에 살고 계십니까?”
“수원의 아저씨 집에 있습니다.”
“Where do you live now?” “I live with my uncle in Suwon.”
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즐거웠던 옛 시절을 기억하고 있습니까? Do you remember the good old day?
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이 근방에 용한 의사를 알고 계시지 않습니까? Do you know of any good doctor near here?
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저 분의 이름과 직업은 무엇입니까? Who and what is he?
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이 편지는 누구에게서 왔습니까? who is this letter from?
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이 상자는 어디에 씁니까? What do you use this box for!
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세계에서 가장 높은 산은 무엇인가? What is the highest mountain in the world?
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양선생은 무슨 교수입니까? What is Mr.Yang a proffessor of?
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두 분 중의 어느 쪽이 형입니까? Which of two is the elder brother?
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너는 어느 길을 택하겠느냐? which way do you take?
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왜 그렇게 생각하십니까? what makes you think so?
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아침에는 몇 시에 일어나고 밤에는 몇 시에 자리에 듭니까? What time do you get up and what time do you go to ed?
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미국에는 얼마나 계실 겁니까? How long do you intend to stay in America?
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이번 하숙은 어떻습니까? How do you find your new lodging house?
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차 한 잔 어떻습니까? How about a cup of tea?
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왜 저에게 그렇게 화를 내고 있습니까? Why are you so angry with me?
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“나는 그를 좋아하지 않아요.” “왜요?” “I don't like him.” “Why not?”
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이 철교는 참 길기도 하다. How long this Iron bridge is!
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참 화창한 봄날이구나! What a bright spring day (it is)!
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“그게 정말입니까?” “아마 그렇지 않을 겁니다.” “Is it true?” “Perhaps not.”
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그는 바보가 아닙니다. He is no fool.
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“너는 토마토를 좋아하지 않는구나?” “네, 좋아하지 않아요.” “Don't you like tomatoes?” “No, I don't”
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그는 악귀와 같은 사나이다. 그를 좋아하는 사람은 아무도 없다. He is a devil of a man. Nobody likes him.
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그의 부인은 사치스럽다. 아무것도 그녀를 만족시키지 못한다. His wife is extravagant. Nothing please her.
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이 마을에는 의사가 없다. There is no doctor in this village. (or This village has no doctor.
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“미국에 누구 친한 분 없습니까? 있으면 소개해 주십시오.”
“없어요. 단 한 사람도 없어요.”
Have you any friends in America? If you have one. please introduce him to me.”
“No, I haven't any (or I have none).”
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우편 배달이 매일 두 차례 오는 것만은 아닙니다. The postman does not come round twice every day.
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아버지도 나도 담배를 피우지 않는다. Neither my father nor I am a smoker.
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당신의 작문에는 잘못이 좀 있습니다. (거의 없습니다.) There are a few mistakes in your composition. (There are few…)
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그가 성공할 희망은 거의 없다. There is little hope of his success.
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“나는 그에게 찬성하지 않는다.” “나도 그렇다.” “I don't agree with him.” “Neither (or Nor) do I.”
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그 희극 배우는 집에서는 절대로 웃지 않는다. That comedian never smiles at home.
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과거

그의 가족은 모두가 이야기하기를 좋아했다. All his family were fond of talking.
과거형으로 표현하는 게 더 자연스러움.
가족은 복수로 'his family' 좋아했다 → were fond of
In those days his family wer five in all.
Where were the committee?
Those cattle wer of a Danish breed.
어제는 겨울치고는 이상스럽게 따뜻했다. It was unusually warm for winter yesterday.
어제는 처음부터 과거시제.
이상스럽게 (부사+형용사) → unusually warm.
겨울치고는 → for winter
It was unusually cool for summer yesterday.
It was unusually windy the day before yesterday.
나는 1948년 4월 11일 서울에서 태어났다. I was born in Seoul on the 11th of April, 1948.
태어난 시점이므로 과거형 → was born
Thomas Edison was born in America in 1847.
He was born in the twenties of the Sejong era.

미래

A. 단순 미래

평서문 “(하지 않으)리라”
I [We] shall (미국식 will) (not) succeed.
You [You] will (not) succeed.
He [She, It, They] will (not) succeed.

*미국식 영어에서는 I [We] will (not) succeed 를 즐겨 쓴다.

의문문 …(하지 않을) 것일까?
Shall I [We] (not) succeed?
Shall you [You] will (not) succeed.
He [She, It, They] will (not) succeed.

*Shan't [∫ɑːnt]…, Won't [wount]…로 쓰기도 한다.

B.의지 미래

평서문 1인칭(이야기하는 사람)의 의지 : “나는 …할 작정이다”
I will do (= intend to do).
You (You) shall do ( = I will make (or let) you do).
He shall do ( = I will make (or let) him do.
의문문 2인칭(상대방)의 의지를 물음 : “당신은 …할 작정인가?”
Shall I do ( = Do you wish me to do)?
Will you do ( = Do you intend to do)?
Shall he do ( = Do you wish him to do)?

이번에는 입학 시험에 합격하리라 생각한다. I hope I shall/will pass the entrance examination this time.
좋은 결과를 바라는 “hope” ↔ “afraid”
합격하다. pass / succeed in ↔fail in; be plucked
I'm afraid it whill snow this evening.
I hope it will be fine tomorrow.
나는 이 소설을 내일 밤까지 다 못 읽으리라. I shall/will not be able to finish (reading) this novel by tomorrow evening
내일 밤까지 by tomorrow evening
다 읽다 finish
할 수 없으리라 shall not be able to / shall be unable.
I sat up till 3 o'clock.
Wake me up by 7 o'clock.
나는 여름방학이 되면 곧 귀향할 것입니다. I shall/will go home as soon ass the summer holliday begin.
하자마자 곧 as soon as 여름 방학이 되다 - 시작 begin
We shall/will go camping to Mt. Seolak next Friday.
I shall/will start if it is fine tomorrow.

시제(Tense) 2

완료형

모두 집에 돌아가 버렸다. Everybody has gone home.
everybody → 단수
현재의 상태 → 현재완료 gone
= There is nobody here.
Winter is over, and spring has come.
He has gone to the office and his son to school.
그녀는 행복해졌다. She has become happy.
동작완료의 결과 → 현재완료
= She is happy
It has become quite warm.
He has suddenly become rich.
아베베는 이미 테이프를 끊고 말았습니다. Abebe has already breasted the tape.
He has already written a letter.
I have already finished reading this novel.

진행형

나는 미국의 아저씨에게 편지를 쓰고 있습니다. I am writing (a letter to my uncle in America.
진행중의 동작이므로 I write가 아닌 I am write
I am writing home to my parents.
I am reading a letter from a friend of mine in Jeju.

태(Voice)

조동사(Auxiliary Verb)

부정사(Infinitive)

분사(Participle)

현재분사

과거분사

동명사(Participle)

명사절(Noun Clause)

형용사절(Adjective Clause)

부사절(Adverb Clause)

화법(Narration)