====== Latin-English Dictionary ======

|  [[어학:라틴어|라틴어 문법]]  |  [[어학:라틴어:라틴어-영어_사전|라틴어-영어 사전]]  |||
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===== A =====

|	a orab,prep. + abl., **from, away from, by.** 	|
|	abdo, -ere, -didi, -ditus, 3, **hide, conceal.** 	|
|	abstineo, -ere, -ui, -tentus, 2, restrain, refrain, abstain. |
|	absum, -esse, afui, afuturus, irreg., be away, 	|
|	be absent, be distant. ac, see atque. 	|
|	accedo, -ere, -cessi, -cessurus, 3, approach. 	|
|	accido, -ere, -cidi, -, 3, befall, happen. 	|
|	accipio, -ere, -cepi, -ceptus,3, receive, accept. 	|
|	accuso, -are, -avi, -atus, 1, blame, accuse. 	|
|	acer, acris, acre, m/f/n., 3, sharp, keen, active, fierce. 	|
|	acies, aciei, f., 5, edge, line of battle, battle line. 	|
|	acrimonia, -ae, f., 1, sharpness, acrimony. 	|
|	acriter,adv., sharply, fiercely. 	|
|	actio, -onis, f., 3, action. 	|
|	ad, prep. + acc., to, toward, near, about. 	|
|	adduco, -ere, -duxi, -ductus, 3, lead to, influence. 	|
|	adjuvo, -are, juvi, jutus,1, irreg., aid, help. 	|
|	administro, -are, -avi, -atus, 1, manage, direct, administer. 	|
|	admirabilis, -e, mf/n., 3, admirable. 	|
|	admiror, -ari, -atus,1, dep., wonder at, admire. 	|
|	adopto, -are, -avi, -atus, 1, adopt. 	|
|	adorno, -are, -avi, -atus, 1, furnish, adorn. 	|
|	adorno, -are, -avi, -atus, 1, worship, adore. 	|
|	adsum, -esse, -fui, -futurus, irreg., be 	|
|	present, be near, be at hand. 	|
|	adulescens, -entis, m., 3 (-ium), youth, young man. 	|
|	adulescentia, -ae, f., 1, youth. 	|
|	adultus, -a, -um, m/f/n., 1, 2, grown up, adult. 	|
|	advena, -ae, m/f., 1, stranger. 	|
|	adventus, -us,m., 4, coming, arrival, advent. 	|
|	adverbium, -i, n., 2, adverb. 	|
|	adversus, adv./prep. + acc., opposed to, against. 	|
|	aedificium, -i, n., 2, building, house. 	|
|	aedifico, -are, -avi, -atus, 1, build, construct. 	|
|	aedilis, -is, m., 3 (-ium), aedile. 	|
|	aeger, -gra, -grum, m/f/n., 1, 2, sick, ill. 	|
|	aegre,adv., hardly, with difficulty. 	|
|	aequalis, -e, mf/n., 3, equal. 	|
|	aequo, -are, -avi, -atus,1, make equal, equalize. 	|
|	aequus, -a, -um, m/f/n., 1, 2, equal, just, even, fair. 	|
|	aestas, -tatis, f., 3, summer. 	|
|	aetas, -tatis, f., 3, age. 	|
|	aeternus, -a, -um, m/f/n., 1, 2, perpetual, 	|
|	eternal; in aeternum, forever. 	|
|	ager, agri,m., 2, field, territory, land. 	|
|	agito, -are, -avi, -atus, 1, drive, stir up. 	|
|	agmen, -inis,n., 3, column of march, line of march. 	|
|	ago, -ere, egi, actus, 3, drive, lead, do, act; 	|
|	gratias agere, give thanks; vitam agere, 	|
|	spend or lead a life; negotium agere, 	|
|	transact business; causam agere, plead a  cause. 	|
|	agricola, -ae, m., 1, farmer. 	|
|	agricultura, -ae,f., 1, agriculture. 	|
|	ala, -ae, f., 1, wing. 	|
|	alacer, -cris, -ere, m/f/n., 3, eager, lively, alert. 	|
|	alacriter, adv., eagerly. 	|
|	albus, -a, -um, m/f/n., 1, 2, white. 	|
|	alienus, -a, -um, m/f/n., 1, 2, another’s, foreign. 	|
|	alius, -a, -ud, m/f/n., 1, 2, gen., -ius, dat., -i, 	|
|	another, other; alii . . . alii, some . . . others; 	|
|	alius (-a, -ud) post alium (-am, -ud), one after the other. 	|
|	alligo,-are,-avi,-atus, 1, tie to, bind to. 	|
|	alter, -era, -erum,m/f/n., 1, 2, gen., -ius,dat., 	|
|	-i, the other (of two), the second; alter . . . 	|
|	alter, the one . . . the other. 	|
|	altitudo, -inis,f., 3, height, depth. 	|
|	altus, -a, -um, m/f/n., 1, 2, high, tall, deep. 	|
|	amantissimus, -a, -um, m/f/n., 1, 2, most (very) loving. 	|
|	ambo, -ae, -o, m/f/n., declined likeduo,both. 	|
|	ambulo, -are, -avi, -aturus, 1, walk, march. 	|
|	amicitia, -ae, f., 1, friendship. 	|
|	amicus, -a, -um, m/f/n., 1, 2, friendly; amicus, 	|
|	-i, m., 2, friend; amica, -ae, f., 1, friend. 	|
|	amitto, -ere, -misi -missus, 3, send away, let go, lose. 	|
|	amo, -are, -avi, -atus,1, love, like. 	|
|	amor, -oris, m., 3, love. 	|
|	amphitheatrum, -i,n., 2, amphitheater. 	|
|	angelus, -i,m., 2, angel. 	|
|	angustus, -a, -um,m/f/n., 1, 2, narrow, difficult; 	|
|	angustiae, -arum, f. pl., 1, narrow pass, difficulties. 	|
|	anima, -ae,f., 1, soul, breath of life. 	|
|	animadverto, -ere, -verti, -versus, 3, notice, observe, perceive. |
|	animal, -alis, n., 3(-ium), animal. 	|
|	animus, -i, m., 2, spirit, mind, courage; in 	|
|	animo habere, to have in mind, intend. 	|
|	annus, -i, m., 2, year. 	|
|	ante, prep. d- acc., before, in front of; adv., 	|
|	before, formerly, ago. 	|
|	antea, adv., before, formerly. 	|
|	antiquus, -a, -um, m/f/n., 1, 2, ancient, old. 	|
|	anxius, -a, -um, m/f/n., 1, 2, anxious, troubled. 	|
|	appello, -are, -avi, -atus, 1, name, call upon, address. 	|
|	apprehendo, -ere, -prehendi, -prehensus, 3, seize, lay hold of. |
|	appropinquo, -are, -avi, -atus, 1, approach. 	|
|	apud,prep. + acc., near, at, among. 	|
|	aqua, -ae, f., 1, water. 	|
|	aquaeductus, -us, m., 4, aqueduct. 	|
|	aquila, -ae,f., 1, eagle. 	|
|	ara, -ae, f., 1, altar. 	|
|	arbitror, -ari, -atus, 1, dep., think, judge. 	|
|	area, -ae, f., 1, box. 	|
|	arena, -ae, f., 1, arena, sand. 	|
|	arma, -orum, n. pl., 2, arms, weapons. 	|
|	armatus, -a, -um, m/f/n., 1, 2, armed. 	|
|	armo, -are, -avi, -atus, 1, arm. 	|
|	aro, -are, -avi, -atus, 1, plow. 	|
|	ars, artis, f., 3 (-ium), skill, art. 	|
|	arx, arcis,f., 3 (-ium), citadel, fortress. 	|
|	ascendo, -ere, -scendi, -scensus, 3, mount, climb, ascend. 	|
|	ascensus, -us, m., 4, ascent. 	|
|	aspectus, -us, m., 4, appearance, sight, aspect. 	|
|	asylum, -i, n., 2, asylum. 	|
|	atque (ac), conj., and, and also. 	|
|	atrium,-1, n., 2, atrium, principal room of a Roman house. 	|
|	auctoritas, -tatis, f., 3, influence, authority. 	|
|	audacia, -ae, f., 1, daring, boldness. 	|
|	audacter, adv., boldly. 	|
|	audax, -dacis, mfn., 3, daring, bold. 	|
|	audio, -ire, -ivi, -itus, 4, hear, hear of. 	|
|	augeo, -ere, auxi, auctus, 2, increase. 	|
|	augur, -uris, m., 3, augur, soothsayer. 	|
|	augurium, -i, n., 2, augury, soothsaying. 	|
|	aureus, -a, -um, m/f/n., 1, 2, golden. 	|
|	auriga, -ae, m., 1, driver, charioteer. 	|
|	aurum, -i,n., 2, gold. 	|
|	auspicium, -i, n., 2, divination by the flight 	|
|	of birds, auspices. 	|
|	aut, conj., or; aut . . . aut, either . . . or. 	|
|	autem, conj., always postpositive, however, 	|
|	but, moreover. 	|
|	auxilium, -i,n., 2, help, aid. 	|
|	avis, -is,f., 3(-ium),bird. 	|

===== B =====

barbarus, -a, -um, m/f/n., 1, 2, barbarous, uncivilized. 
basilica, -ae, f., 1, building, meeting place,basilica. 
beatus, -a, -um, m/f/n., 1, 2, happy, blessed. 
bellicosus, -a, -um, m/f/n., 1, 2, warlike, bellicose. 
bellum, -i, n., 2, war; bellum gerere, wage war; bellum conficere, end a war successfully; 
bellum inferre, make war upon. 
bene, adv., well; comp., melius; superl., optimus. 
beneficentia, -ae, f., 1, kindness. 



beneficium, -i, n., 2, kindness, service. 
benigne, adv., kindly. 
benignus, -a, -um, m/f/n., 1, 2, kind, kindly, 
friendly. 
bestia, -ae, f., 1, beast. 
bonus, -a, -um, m/f/n., 1, 2, good; comp., 
melior; superl., optimus; 
bonum, -i,n., 2, a good thing; 
bona, -orum, n. pl., 2, goods, property. 
brevis, -e, mf/n., 3, short, brief. 


===== C =====

cado, -ere, cecidi, casurus, 3, fall. 
caduceus, -i, m., herald’s staff, Mercury’s 
staff, caduceus. 
caecus, -a, -um, m/f/n., 1, 2, blind. 
caedes, -is, f., 3 (-ium), slaughter, carnage. 
caelum, -i, n., 2, heavens, sky. 
calamitas, -tatis, f., 3, disaster, calamity. 
camera, -ae, f., 1, vaulted chamber, room. 
capio, -ere, cepi, captus, 3 (-io), take, seize; 
consilium capere, form a plan. 
captivus, -a, -um, m/f/n., 1, 2, captive; 
captivus, -i, m., 2, prisoner, captive. 
caput, capitis, n., 3, head. 
care, adv., dearly, at a high price. 
carrus, -i, m., 2, cart, wagon. 
carus, -a, -um, m/f/n., 1, 2, dear. 
casa, -ae, f., 1, cottage, hut, house. 
castra, -orum, n. pl., 2, camp. 
casus, -us, m., 4, chance, happening, fall. 
causa, -ae, f., 1, cause, reason. 
cavea, -ae, f., 1, hollow place, cave. 
caverna, -ae, f., 1, cavern. 
cedo, -ere, cessi, cessurus, 3, yield, go 
away. 
celer, celeris, celere, m/f/n., 3, swift, quick. 
celeritas, -tatis, f., 3, speed, swiftness, 
celerity. 
celeriter, adv., quickly, speedily;quam 
celerrime, as quickly as possible. 
census, -us, m., 4, registration, census; 
censum habere, take a census. 
centum, num. adj., indecl., one hundred. 
certamen, -inis, n., 3, contest, match. 
certe, adv., at least, certainly. 
certus, -a, -um, m/f/n., 1, 2, fixed, certain, 
sure; certiorem facere, make more sure, 
inform; certior fieri, to be informed. 
cervus, -i, m., 2, stag, deer. 
ceteri, -ae, -a, m/f/n., pl., 1, 2, the rest of, the 
others, all the rest. 
Christianus, -i, m., 2, Christian. 
Christus, -i, m., 2, Christ. 
cibus, -i, m., 2, food. 
circum, prep. + acc., around, about. 
circumdo, -are, -dedi, -datus, 1, irreg., place 
around, surround. 
citra, prep. + acc., on this side of. 


civilis, -e, mf/n., 3, civil, civic. 
civis, -is, mf., 3 (-ium), citizen. 
civitas, -tatis, f., 3, citizenship, state. 
clam, adv., secretly. 
clamo, -are, -avi, -aturus, 1, call out, shout. 
clamor, -oris, m., 3, shouting, noise, clamor. 
clare, adv., clearly, famously. 
clarus, -a, -um, m/f/n., 1, 2, clear, bright, 
famous. 
classis, -is, f., 3 (-ium), division, fleet. 
claudo, -ere, clausi, clausus, 3, close, shut, 
shut in. 
clementia, -ae, f., 1, clemency, mercy. 
cogito, -are, -avi, -atus, 1, think, think about, 
ponder. 
cognosco, -ere, -novi, -nitus, 3, begin to 
know, find out, learn; perf. tense, know. 
cogo, -ere, coegi, coactus, 3, collect, drive 
together; with inf., compel, force. 
cohors, cohortis, f., 3 (-ium), cohort (the 
tenth part of a legion). 
collis, -is, m., 3 (-ium), hill;ab summo colle, 
from the top of the hill; (in) medio colle, 
halfway up the hill. 
colloquium, -i, n., 2, conversation. 
colo, -ere, colui, cultus, 3, till, cultivate, 
worship. 
colonia, -ae, f., 1, colony. 
color, -oris, m., 3, color. 
columna, -ae, f., 1, column, pillar. 
committo, -ere, -misi, -missus, 3, send 
together, commit (a crime), entrust;proelium 
committere, begin a battle. 
commoveo, -ere, -movi, -motus, 2, alarm, 
startle. 
comparo, -are, -avi, -atus, 1, prepare, make 
ready. 
competitor, -oris, m., 3, competitor. 
complures, -a, mf/n. pl., 3, very many, 
several. 
comprehendo, -ere, -hendi, -prehensus, 3, 
seize, catch, grasp, comprehend. 
concedo, -ere, -cessi, -cessurus, 3, yield, 
grant, permit. 
concordia, -ae, f., 1, concord. 
condemno, -are, -avi, -atus, 1, condemn. 
condicio, -onis, f., 3, terms, agreement, 
condition. 
confero, -ferre, -tuli, collatus, irreg., bring 
together, collect. 
conficio, -ere, -feci, -fectus, 3 (-io), accomplish, 
complete, finish. 
confidentia, -ae, f., 1, confidence. 
confirmo, -are, -avi, -atus, 1, make firm, 
confirm, declare, establish. 
congrego, -are, -avi, -atus, 1, gather, 
congregate. 
conjicio, -ere, jeci, jectus, 3 (-io), throw, hurl. 
conjunx, jugis, mf., 3, husband wife. 
conjuratio, -onis, f., 3, conspiracy. 


conjuro, -are, -avi, -atus, 1, swear together, 
conspire. 
conor, -ari, -atus sum, 1, dep., try, attempt 
(used with inf.). 
conscribo, -ere, -scripsi, -scriptus, 3, enroll, 
enlist. 
consequor, -sequi, -secutus sum, 3, dep., 
pursue, overtake, gain, 
consido, -ere, -sedi, -, 3, sit down, settle. 
consilium, -i, n., 2, plan, advice; c6nsilium 
capere, to form a plan, adopt a plan. 
conspectus, -us, m., 4, sight, view, presence. 
conspicio, -ere, -spexi, -spectus, 3 (-io), 
catch sight of, perceive. 
constituo, -ere, -stitui, -stitutus, 3, decide, 
determine. 
consul, -sulis, m., 3, consul. 
consulatus, -us, m., 4, consulship, consulate. 
consultum, -i, n., 2, decree, order. 
contendo, -ere, -tendi, -tentus, 3, struggle, 
hasten, contend. 
continenter, adv., continually. 
contineo, -ere, -ui, -tentus, 2, hold together, 
hem in 
contra, prep. + ace., opposite, against. 
controversia, -ae, f., 1, dispute, controversy. 
convenio, -ire, -veni, -venturus, 4, come 
together, assemble. 
converto, -ere, -verti, -versus, 3, turn about, 
change, convert. 
convoco, -are, -avi, -atus, 1, call together, 
summon, convoke. 
copia, -ae, f., 1, abundance, supply; pl., 
forces, troops. 
cor, cordis, n., 3, heart. 
cornu, -us, n., 4, horn, wing (of an army). 
corpus, -oris, n., 3, body. 
cotidie, adv., daily, every day. 
cras, adv., tomorrow. 
creator, -oris, m., 3, creator, maker, founder. 
creatura, -ae, f., 1, creature. 
credo, -ere, -didi, -diturus, 3, with dat., trust, 
believe. 
creo, -are, -avi, -atus, 1, make, create, elect, 
choose. 
crucifixit, he crucified. 
crudelis, -e, mf/n., 3, cruel. 
crudeliter, adv., cruelly. 
culpa, -ae, f., 1, fault, blame. 
cum, prep. + abl., with, along with. 
cunctus, -a, -um, m/f/n., 1, 2, all, the whole. 
cupiditas, -tatis, f., 3, with gen., desire for, 
eagerness for, greed for. 
cupidus, -a, -um, m/f/n., 1, 2, with gen., 
desirous of, eager for. 
cupio, -ere, -ivi, -itus, 3 (-io), desire, wish, 
long for, be eager. 
cur, adv., why? wherefore? 
cura, -ae, f., 1, care, anxiety. 



curiositas, -tatis, f., 3, curiosity. 
curo, -are, -avi, -atus, 1, take care of, care for, 
cure. 
curro, -ere, cucurri, cursurus, 3, run. 
currus, -us, m., 4, chariot. 
cursus, -us, m., 4, running, course. 
custodia, -ae, f., 1, guard, custody. 
custodio, -ire, -ivi, -itus, 4, watch, guard. 
custos, custodis, m., 3, guard. 


=====D===== 

de, prep. + abl., down from, from, about, 
concerning. 
dea, -ae, f., 1, dat./abl. pl.,deabus, goddesses 
debeo, -ere, -ui, -itus, 2, owe; with infin., 
ought., must. 
decem, num. adj., indecl., ten. 
decemviri, -orum, m. pl., 2, board of ten 
commissioners at Rome. 
decimus, -a, -um, m/f/n., 1, 2, tenth. 
deditio, -onis, f., 3, surrender. 
dedo, -ere, -didi, -ditus, 3, give over, 
surrender. 
defendo, -ere, -fendi, fensus, 3, defend, 
protect, strike off. 
defessus, -a, -um, m/f/n., 1, 2, tired out, 
exhausted. 
deinde, adv., thence, from there, then, next. 
dejicio, -ere, -jeci, -jectus, 3 (-io), throw 
down, disappoint. 
delecto, -are, -avi, -atus, 1, delight. 
deleo, -ere, -evi, -etus, 2, destroy, wipe out, 
delete. 
delibero, -are, -avi, -atus, 1, think about, 
consider. 
deligo, -ere, -legi, -lectus, 3, choose, select. 
demonstro, -are, -avi, -atus, 1, show, point 
out, demonstrate. 
denique, adv., finally, at last. 
dens, dentis, m., 3 (-ium), tooth. 
depono, -ere, -posui, -positus, 3, lay aside, 
put down, resign. 
deporto, -are, -avi, -atus, 1, carry off, carry 
dowr_, banish. 
derideo, -ere, -risi, -risus, 2, mock, deride. 
descendo, -ere, -scendi, -scensus, 3, 
descend, climb down. 
desertus, -a, -um, m/f/n., 1, 2, deserted. 
desidero, -are, -avi, -atus, 1, desire, long for, 
want, wish. 
destino, -are, -avi, -atus, 1, determine, 
destine. 
desum, deesse, defui, -, irreg., be lacking, fail. 
detraho, -ere, -traxi, -tractus, 3, draw off, 
remove. 
Deus, -i, m., 2, God. 
deus, -i, m., 2, god. 
dexter, -tra, -trum, m/f/n., 1, 2, right. 
dextra, -ae, f., right hand. 


dico, -ere, dixi, dictus, 3, say, tell, speak; 
diem dicere, appoint a day. 
dictator, -oris, m., 3, dictator. 
dies, -ei, m., sometimes fem. in sing., 5, day; 
multo die, late in the day;diem 
ex die, day after day;ad diem, on time, 
promptly. 
difficilis, -e, mf/n., 3, difficult, hard; superl., 
difficillimus. 
diligens, -entis, mfn., 3, careful, diligent. 
diligenter, adv., carefully, diligently. 
diligentia, -ae, f., 1, care, industry, diligence. 
dimitto, -ere, -misi, -missus, 3, send away, 
dismiss, lose. 
discedo, -ere, -cessi, -cessurus, 3, go away, 
depart. 
discipulus, -i, m., 2, pupil, disciple. 
discipula, -ae, f., 1, pupil. 
discordia, -ae, f., 1, discord. 
dissimilis, -e, mf/n., 3, unlike, unlike to; 
superl., dissimillimus. 
diu, adv., for a long time, quam diu, as long 
as; quam diu? how long? 
divido, -ere, -visi, -visus, 3, divide. 
divinus, -a, -um, m/f/n., 1, 2, divine, sacred. 
divitiae, -arum, f., pl., 1, riches. 
do, dare, dedi, datus, 1, irreg., give;inter se 
dare, exchange; in fugam dare, put to flight; 
poenas dare, pay the penalty. 
doceo, -ere, -ui, doctus, 2, with two 
accusatives, teach, explain. 
doctrina, -ae, f., 1, teaching, instruction, 
doctrine. 
doctus, -a, -um, m/f/n., 1, 2, learned. 
dolor, -oris, m., 3, grief, pain, sorrow. 
dolus, -i, m., 2, device, trickery, deceit. 
domicilium, -i, n., 2, dwelling, house, home. 
domina, -ae, f., 1, mistress (of slaves), lady. 
dominus, -i, m., 2, master (of slaves), lord. 
domus, -us, f., 4, house, home; domi, loc., at 
home; domum, acc., homeward, home; 
domo, abl., from home, out of the house. 
donum, -i, n., 2, gift, present. 
dubito, -are, -avi, -atus, 1, doubt; with. infin., 
hesitate. 
duco, -ere, duxi, ductus, 3, lead, guide; in 
matrimonium ducere, marry. 
dum, conj., usually with pres. indic., while. 
duo, duae, duo, m/f/n., two. 
duodecim, num. adj., inded., twelve. 
dux, ducis, m., 3, leader, general, guide. 


=====E===== 

e or ex, prep. + abl., out of, out, from, out 
from. 
educo, -ere, -duxi, -ductus, 3, lead out. 
efficio, -ere, -feci, -fectus, 3 (-io), bring 
about, accomplish. 
ego, mei, mf., pers. pron., I. 


egredior, -gredi, -gressus, 3 (-io), dep., step 
forth, go out, leave. 
elephantus, -i, m., 2, elephant. 
emitto, -ere, -misi, -missus, 3, emit, let out. 
emo, -ere, emi, emptus, 3, buy. 
eo, adv., there, thither, to that place. 
eo, ire, ii (ivi), iturus, irreg., go. 
epistula, -ae, f., 1, letter, epistle. 
eques, -itis, m., 3, horseman, knight; pl., 
cavalry; Equites, the knights (one of the 
three orders of Roman society). 
equitatus, -us, m., 4, riders, body of 
horsemen, cavalry. 
equus, -i, m., 2, horse. 
eripio, -ere, -ripui, -reptus, 3 (-io), snatch 
away, rescue. 
et, conj., and; et . . . et, both . . . and. 
etiam, adv., also, even, still. 
etsi, conj., even if, although. 
evenio, -ire, -veni, -venturus, 4, come out, 
result; evenit, impers., the outcome is. 
eventus, -us, m., 4, outcome, result. 
excedo, -ere, -cessi, -cessurus, 3, go out, 
withdraw, depart. 
excipio, -ere, -cepi, -ceptus, 3 (-io), receive, 
welcome. 
excito, -are, -avi, -atus, 1, excite, rouse up. 
exclamo, -are, -avi, -aturus, 1, shout out, 
exclaim. 
exemplum, -i, n., 2, example. 
exeo, -ire, -ii (-ivi), -iturus, irreg., go forth. 
exercitus, -us, m., 4, army. 
existimo, -are, -avi, -atus, 1, think, suppose, 
reckon. 
expello, -ere, -puli, -pulsus, 3, drive out, 
expel. 
explano, -are, -avi, -atus, 1, smooth out, 
explain. 
explorator, -oris, m., 3, scout. 
expugno, -are, -avi, -atus, 1, take by storm, 
capture by assault. 
exspecto, -ire, -avi, -atus, 1, wait, wait for, 
expect. 
exspiro, -are, -avi, -atus, 1, exhale, expire. 
extendo, -ere, -tendi, -tentus, 3, extend. 
exterior, -ius, mf/n., 3, exterior, outer. 
extra, prep. + acc., outside, beyond. 
extraho, -ere, -traxi, -tractus, 3, draw out, 
extract. 
extremus, -a, -um, m/f/n., 1, 2, outermost, 
end of, extreme. 


=====F===== 

fabula, -ae, f., 1, story, conversation, play. 
facile, adv., easily; superl., facillime. 
facilis, -e, mf/n., 3, easy; superl., facillimus. 
facio, -ere, feci, factus, 3 (-io), make, do; 
certiorem facere, inform; iter facere, march, 
make a march; vim facere, use force. 



factio, -onis, f., 3, a making, doing, political 
party, faction. 
factum, -i, n., 2, deed, act. 
falsus, -a, -um, m/f/n., 1, 2, mistaken, false. 
fama, -ae, f., 1, report, rumor, fame. 
familia, -ae, f., 1, household, family. 
fatalis, -e, mf/n., 3, fated, deadly, fatal. 
fatum, -i, n., 2, fate, destiny. 
felix, -icis, mfn., 3, happy, successful. 
femina, -ae, f., 1, woman. 
fenestra, -ae, f., 1, window. 
fere, adv., almost. 
fero, ferre, tuli, latus, irreg., bear, carry, 
bring. 
fide, adv., faithfully. 
fides, -ei, f., 5, faith, pledge. 
fidus, -a, -um, m/f/n., 1, 2, faithful. 
filia, -ae, f., 1, dat./abl. pl.,filiabus, daughters 
filius,-i, m., 2, son. 
finio, -ire, -ivi, -itus, 4, end, finish. 
finis, -is, m., 3 (-ium), end, limit; pl., territory, 
boundary. 
finitimus, -a, -um, m/f/n., 1, 2, neighboring; 


m. pl., neighbors. 
fio, -fieri, factus sum, irreg., become, be 
made, be done, happen. 
firmus, -a, -um, m/f/n., 1, 2, firm, strong. 
flamma, -ae, f., 1, flame. 
flumen, -inis, n., 3, river. 
fluo, -ere, fluxi, fluxurus, 3, flow. 
focus, -i, m., 2, hearth. 
forma, -ae, f., 1, form. 
formo, -are, -avi, -atus, 1, form. 
fortasse, adv., perhaps. 
forte, adv., by chance. 
fortis, -e, mf/n., 3, brave, strong. 
fortiter, adv., bravely. 
fortitudo, -inis, f., 3, bravery, courage, 
fortitude. 
fortuna, -ae, f., 1, fortune, chance, luck. 
fortunatus, -a, -um, m/f/n., 1, 2, fortunate. 
forum, -i, n., 2, forum, market place. 
fossa, -ae, f., 1, ditch. 
frater, -tris, m., 3, brother. 
frumentum, -i, n., 2, grain. 
frustra, adv., in vain. 
fuga, -ae, f., 1, flight; se in fugam dare, flee; 
in fugam dare, put to flight. 
fugio, -ere, fugi, -, 3 (-io), escape, flee. 
fugitivus,, -i, m., 2, fugitive. 
fulmen, -inis, n., 3, thunderbolt. 
furtim, adv., by stealth. 
=====G===== 

gaudium, -i, n., 2, joy, gladness. 
gens, gentis, f., 3 (-ium), tribe, clan, nation, 
race. 
genus, -eris, n., 3, race, kind, class. 
gero, -ere, gessi, gestus, 3, bear, carry carry 


on, conduct, direct; bellum gerere, wage 
war. 
gladiator, -oris, m., 3, gladiator. 
gladius, -i, m., 2, sword. 
gloria, -ae, f., 1, glory. 
gratia, -ae, f., 1, favor, grace;gratias agere, 
give thanks. 
gratus, -a, -um, m/f/n., 1, 2, pleasing, 
pleasant, acceptable. 
gravis, -e, m/f/n., 3, heavy, serious, grave. 
graviter, adv., heavily, severely, seriously. 
grex, gregis, m., 3, herd, flock. 


=====H===== 

habeo, -ere, -ui, -itus, 2, have, hold, 
consider; censum habere, take a census; 
orationem habere, deliver a speech. 
habito, -are, -avi, -atus, 1, live, dwell, inhabit. 
heri, adv., yesterday. 
hiberna, -orum, n. pl., winter quarters. 
hic, adv., here, in this place. 
hic, haec, hoc, m/f/n., dem. prop./adj.; as 
pronoun: he, she, it, pl., they; as adjective: 
this, pl., these; the latter. 
hiems, hiemis, f., 3, winter. 
hinc, adv., from this place, hence. 
historia, -ae, f., 1, story, history. 
hodie, adv., today. 
homo, -inis, m., 3, human being, man. 
honor, -oris, m., 3, distinction, esteem, 
honor. 
hora, -ae, f., 1, hour. 
horribilis, -e, mf/n., 3, dreadful, horrible. 
hostilis, -e, mf/n., 3, hostile. 
hostis, -is, m., 3 (-ium), enemy, public 
enemy; pl., the enemy. 
huc, adv., hither, to this place, here. 
humanus, -a, -um, m/f/n., 1, 2, human. 
humerus (umerus), -i, m., 2, shoulder. 
humilis, -e, mf/n., 3, low, humble. 


=====I=====

ibi, adv., there, in that place. 
ibidem, adv., in the same place, in the same 
matter. 
idem, eadem, idem, m/f/n., dem. pron./ adj., 
the same. 
idoneus, -a, -um, m/f/n., 1, 2, suitable, fit. 
Idus, -uum, f. pl., the Ides (the 15th of 
March, May, July, October, and the 13th of 
the other months. 
igitur, conj., postpositive, therefore. 
ignis, -is, m., 3 (-ium), fire. 
ignominia, -ae, f., 1, disgrace, ignominy. 
ignotus, -a, -um, m/f/n., 1, 2, unknown, 
strange. 
ille, illa, illud, m/f/n., dem. prop./adj.; as 
pronoun: he, she, it, pl., they; as adjective: 


that, pl., those; the former. 
imago, -inis, f., 3, image, likeness. 
immolo, -are, -avi, -atus, 1, sacrifice. 
immortalis, -e, mf/n., 3, undying, immortal. 
impedimentum, -i, n., 2, hindrance, 
impediment; pl., heavy baggage. 
impedio, -ire, -ivi, -itus, 4, hinder, entangle, 
impede. 
imperator, -oris, m., 3, commander-inchief, 
general, emperor. 
imperium, -i, n., 2, command, military power, 
empire, power, rule. 
impero, -are, -avi, -atus, l , with dat., order, 
command; levy (soldiers). 
impetus, -us, m., 4, attack. 
imploro, -are, -avi, -atus, 1, beseech, implore. 
impono, -ere, -posui, -positus, 3, put upon, 
lay upon. 
in, prep.; with abl., in, on; with acc., into, 
against, upon. 
incendo, -ere, -cendi, -census, 3, set on fire, 
kindle. 
incipio, -ere, -cepi, -cepturus, 3 (-io), used 
only in pres. system, begin, undertake. 
incito, -are, -avi, -atus, 1, urge on, arouse, 
spur on, incite. 
incola, -ae, m/f., 1, inhabitant. 
inde, adv., from that place, thence, from 
there. 
indivisibilis, -e, mf/n., 3, indivisible. 
induco, -ere, -duxi, -ductus, 3, lean on, 
influence, induce. 
industrie, adv., industriously. 
industrius, -a, -um, m/f/n., 1, 2, industrious. 
ineo, -ire, -ii (-ivi), -itus, irreg., go into, enter, 
begin. 
infans, -antis, mfn., 3, not talking. 
infans, -antis, mf., 3, infant. 
infantia, -ae, f., 1, infancy. 
infero, -ferre, -tuli, illatus, irreg., bring in, 
inflict; bellum inferre, wage war on. 
inferus, -a, -um, m/f/n., 1, 2, below, lower; 
superl., infimus. 
infesto, -are, -avi, -atus, 1, make dangerous, 
infest. 
infidelitas, -tatis, f., 3, faithlessness, 
infidelity. 
inflammo, -are, -avi, -atus, 1, set fire to, 
inflame. 
ingens, ingentis, mfn., 3, huge, enormous, 
ingredior, -gredi, -gressus sum, 3, dep., 
enter, step into. 
inimicus, -a, -um, m/f/n., 1, 2, with dat., 
unfriendly, hostile. 
inimicus, -i, m., 2, a personal enemy. 
iniquus, -a, -um, m/f/n., 1, 2, unequal, unjust. 
initium, -i, n., 2, beginning. 
injuria, -ae, f., 1, wrong, harm, injury. 
injustitia, -ae, f., 1, injustice. 
inopia, -ae, f., 1, lack, need. 



inquam, inquis, inquit, defective, say, 
insidiae, -arum, f. pl. 1, treachery, plot, 
ambush. 
insignis, -e, mf/n., 3, marked, distinguished. 
instruo, -ere, -struxi, -structus, 3, arrange, 
build, construct, draw up (a battle line). 
insula, -ae, f., 1, island. 
integer, -gra, -grum, m/f/n., 1, 2, whole, 
untouched, honest. 
integritas, -tatis, f., 3, soundness, integrity. 
intellego, -ere, -lexi, -lectus, 3, understand, 
find out, learn. 
inter, prep. -I- acc., between, among; inter 
se, with one another. 
interdum, adv., sometimes. 
interea, adv., in the meantime, meanwhile. 
interficio, -ere, -feci, -fectus, 3 (-io), kill. 
interim, adv., meanwhile, in the meantime. 
intermitto, -ere, .misi, -missus, 3, 
interrupt. 
interregnum, -i, n., 2, interregnum, an 
interval between two reigns. 
intervallum, -i, n., 2, distance, interval. 
intra, adv., prep. -I- act., within. 
intro, -are, -avi, -atus, 1, enter. 
invenio, -ire, -veni, -ventus, 4, come upon, 
find. 
invidia, -ae, f., 1, envy, jealousy. 
invidus, -a, -um, m/f/n., 1, 2, envious, 
jealous. 
invito, -are, -avi, -atus, 1, invite. 
invitus, -a, -um, m/f/n., 1, 2, unwilling. 
ipse, ipsa, ipsum, m/f/n., dem. pron./ adj., 
self, himself, herself, itself, very; pl., 
themselves. 
ira, -ae, f., 1, anger. 
iratus, -a, -um, m/f/n., 1, 2, angered, angry, 
irate. 
is, ea, id, m/f/n., dem. pron./adj.; as pronoun: 
he, she, it, pl., they; as adj.: this, that, pl., 
these, those. 
iste, ista, istud, m/f/n., dem. prop./adj., that, 
that of yours; pl., those, those of yours. 
ita, adv., so (manner), thus, in such a way. 
itaque, adv., and so, therefore. 
item, adv., likewise, in like manner. 
iter, itineris, n., 3, journey, route;iter 
facere, march;magnum (maximum) iter, 
forced march. 
iterum, adv., a second time, again. 


=====J===== 

jacio, -ere, jeci, jactus, 3 (-io), throw, hurl. 
jam, adv., now, already; non jam, no longer. 
janua, -ae, f., 1, front door, door, gate. 
jubeo, -ere, jussi, jussus, 2, with acc. and 
inf., order, command. 
judex, -icis, m., 3, judge, juryman. 
judicium, -i,n., 2, trial (in court), decision. 


judico, -are, -avi, -atus, 1, judge. 
jugum, -i, n., 2, yoke, ridge; sub jugum 
mittere, send under the yoke. 
jungo, -ere, junxi, junctus, 3, join, unite. 
juro, -are, -avi, -atus, 1, swear, take an oath. 
jus, juris, n., 3, right, law, justice. 
justitia, -ae, f., 1, justice. 
justus, -a, -um, m/f/n., 1, 2, just. 
juvenis, -e, mf/n., 3, young. 
juvenis, -is, m., 3 (-ium), young man, a 
youth. 
juventus, -tutis, f., 3, youth, young men. 
juvo, -are, juvi, jutus, 1, irreg., help, aid. 


=====L===== 

labor, -oris, m., 3, labor, work. 
laboro, -are, -avi, -atus, 1, labor, work, suffer. 
labyrintbus, -i, m., 2, labyrinth. 
lacus, -us, m., 4, lake. 
laetitia, -ae, f., 1, joy, merriment. 
laetus, -a, -um, m/f/n., 1, 2, happy, glad, 
joyful. 
largior, -iri, -itus sum, 4, dep., bestow. 
late, adv., widely. 
latitudo, -inis, f., 3, width, latitude. 
latro, -onis, m., 3, robber. 
latus, -eris, n., 3, side, flank, wing of an 
army. 
latus, -a, -um, m/f/n., 1, 2, wide, broad. 
laudo, -are, -avi, -atus, 1, praise. 
laus, laudis, 3, praise. 
lavo, -are, -avi, -atus, 1, wash. 
legatio, -onis, f., 3, legation, embassy. 
legatus, -i, m., 2, lieutenant (second in 
command to a general), envoy, ambassador. 
legio, -onis, f., 3, legion. 
lego, -ere, legi, lectus, 3, read, choose. 
leo, -onis, m., 3, lion. 
levis, -e, mf/n., 3, light (weight). 
levo, -are, -avi, -atus, 1, raise, lift. 
lex, legis, f., 3, law. 
liber, libri, m., 2, book. 
liber, -era, -erum, m/f/n., 1, 2, free. 
liberi, -orum, m. pl., 2, children. 
libero, -are, -avi, -atus, 1, set free, free. 
libertas, -tatis, f., 3, liberty, freedom. 
ligneus, -a, -um, m/f/n., 1, 2, wooden. 
ligo, -are, ,-avi, -atus, 1, bind, tie; alligo. 
lingua, -ae, f., 1, tongue, language. 
littera, -ae, f., 1, letter (of the alphabet); pl., 
letter, epistle. 
loco, -are, -avi, -atus,1, place, put. 
locus, -i, m., 2, place, region, location; pl., 
loca, -orum, n. 
longe, adv., by far, far; quam longe, how far? 
longitudo, -inis, f., 3, longitude. 
longus, -a, -um, m/f/n., 1, 2, long, tall. 
loquor, loqui, locutus sum, 3, dap., speak, 
say, talk. 


ludo, -ere, lusi, lusus, 3, play, frolic, mock. 
ludus, -i, m., 2, game, play, school. 
lumen, -inis, n., 3, light. 
luna, -ae, f., 1, moon. 
lupa, -ae, f., 1, she-wolf. 
lux, lucis, f., 3, light;prima luce, at 
daybreak. 


=====M===== 

magis, adv., more. 
magister, -stri, m., 2, teacher. 
magistra, -ae, f., 1, teacher. 
magistratus, -us, m., 4, public office, 
magistrate, magistracy. 
magnitudo, -inis, f., 3, magnitude. 
magnopere, adv., greatly, very much; comp., 
magis; superl., maxima. 
magnus, -a, -um, m/f/n., 1, 2, large, great, 
much (money); comp.,major; superl., 
maximus. 
major, majus, mf/n., 3, comp. ofmagnus, 
greater, larger. 
male, adv., badly. 
maleficium, -i, n., 2, evil-doing, evil, harm. 
malus, -a, -um, m/f/n., 1.2, bad; comp., 
pejor; superl., pessimus. 
mandatum, -i, n., 2, order, command; pl., 
instructions, directions. 
mane, adv., in the morning. 
maneo, -ere, mansi, mansurus, 2, remain, 
stay. 
manus, -us, f., 4, hand, arm, band (of men). 
mare, -is, n., 3 (-ium), sea. 
marinus, -a, -um, m/f/n., 1, 2, of the sea, 
marine. 
maritimus, -a, -um, m/f/n., 1, 2, pertaining to 
the sea; maritime. 
martyr, -yris, m., 3, martyr. 
mater, -tris, f., 3, mother. 
matrimonium, -i, n., 2, marriage;in 
matrimonium ducere, marry;in matrimonium 
dare, give in marriage. 
maxima, adv., superl. ofmagnopere, very 
greatly, very much, especially. 
maximus, -a, -um, m/f/n., 1, 2, superl. of 
magnus, greatest, very large. 
medius, -a, -um, m/f/n., 1, 2, middle, the 
middle of; (in)medio colle(monte), halfway 
up the hill (mountain);media nocte, 
midnight. 
melior, melius, mf/n., 3, comp. ofbonus, 
better. 
memoria, -ae, f., 1, memory;memoria 
tenere, remember. 
mens, mentis, f., 3, mind. 
mensa, -ae, f., 1, table. 
mensis, -is, m., 3 (-ium), month. 
mereo, -ere, -ui, -itus, 2, deserve, merit. 
metus, -us, m., 4, fear, dread. 



meus, -a, -um, m/f/n., 1, 2, poss. adj./ pron., 
my, mine. 
migro, -are, avi, -atus, 1, migrate. 
miles, -itis, m., 3, soldier. 
militaris, -e, mf/n., 3, military;res militaris, 
art of war, warfare. 
mille, num. adj., indecl., one thousand; 
milia, -ium, n. pl., 3, with gen., thousands. 
minima, adv., superl. of parum, least of all, 
not at all, no. 
minimus, -a, -um, m/f/n., 1, 2, superl. of 
parvus, smallest, least. 
minor, minus, mf/n., 3, comp. ofparvus, 
smaller, less. 
miser, -era, -erum, m/f/n., 1, 2, wretched, 
unhappy, unfortunate. 
mitto, -ere, misi, missus, 3, send. 
modus, -i, m., 2, manner, measure, mode. 
moneo, -ere, -ui, -itus, 2, warn, advise. 
mons, montis, m., 3 (-ium), mountain; 
(in) medio monte, halfway up the mountain; 
sub monte, at the foot of the mountain. 
monstrum, -i, n., 2, monster. 
monumentum, -i, n., 2, monument. 
mora, -ae, f., 1, delay. 
mors, mortis, f., 3 (-ium), death. 
mortalis, -e, mf/n., 3, mortal, deadly, 
mortuus, -a, -um, m/f/n., 1, 2, dead. 
mos, moris, m., 3, custom, habit; pl., 
manners. 
moveo, -ere, movi, motus, 2, move;castra 
movere, break camp. 
mox, adv., soon, presently. 
multitudo, -inis, f., 3, large number, 
multitude. 
multo, adv., much, greatly. 
multum, adv., much. 
multus, -a, -um, m/f/n., 1, 2, much; pl, many. 
mundus, -i, m., 2, universe, world. 
munio, -ire, -ivi, -itus, 4, fortify. 
munitio, -onis, f., 3, fortification. 
munus, -eris, n., 3, duty, service, task, gift. 
murus, -i, m., 2, wall. 
musica, -ae, f., 1, music. 
muto, -are, -avi, -atus, 1, change. 
mysteria, -orum, n. pl., 2, mysteries. 


=====N===== 

nam, conj., for, because. 
narratio, -onis, f., 3, narration. 
narro, -are, -avi, -atus, 1, tell, narrate. 
natio, -onis, f., 3, nation, tribe, people. 
natura, -ae, f., 1, nature, character. 
nauta, -ae, m., 1, sailor. 
navalis, -e, rn f/n., 3, naval. 
navigatio, -onis, f., 3, voyage, navigation. 
navigo, -are, -avi, -atus, 1, sail, set sail. 
navis, -is, f., 3 (-ium), ship; navis longa, war 
galley, warship. 


ne, conj., in order that not, that not, lest. 
ne, adv., not. 
-ne, interrog. particle, enclitic. 
nec-, conj., see neque. 
necessarius, -a, -um, m/f/n., 1, 2, necessary. 
necesse, indecl. adj., necessary; necesse 
est, impers., with inf., it is necessary, must. 
neco, -are, -avi, -atus, 1, put to death, kill. 
nego, -are, -avi, -atus, 1, say no, deny, say 
that . . . not. 
negotium, -i, n., 2, business, difficulty. 
nemo, -, mf., dat., nemini, acc., neminem, no 
gen. or abl., no one, nobody. 
neque (nec), conj., and . . . not, nor, neither; 
neque(nec) . . . neque (nec), neither . . . nor. 
neuter, -tra, -trum, m/f/n., 1, 2, gen., -ius, 
dat., -i, neither (of two). 
niger, -gra, -grum, m/f/n., 1, 2, black. 
nihil, indecl. noun, n., nothing; as adv., not 
at all. 
nisi, conj., if not, unless. 
nobilis, -e, mf/n., 3, famous, noble; m. pl., 
nobles. 
noceo, -ere, -ui, -, 2, with dat., do harm, 
injure. 
nomen, -inis, n., 3, name. 
nomino, -are, -avi, -atus, 1, name, call by 
name, appoint. 
non, adv., not. 
nondum, adv., not yet. 
nonne, interrog. particle, in questions 
expecting the answer "Yes." 
nonus, -a, -um, m/f/n., 1, 2, ninth. 
nos, nostrum, mf., pron., pl. of ego, we. 
nosco, -ere, novi, notus, 3, begin to know, 
learn; in perf., know. 
noster, -tra, -trum, m/f/n., 1, 2, poss. adj./ 
pron., our, ours. 
nostri, -orum, m. pl., 2, our men, our troops. 
notus, -a, -um, m/f/n., 1, 2, well-known, 
familiar. 
novem, num. adj., indecl., nine. 
novus, -a, -um, m/f/n., 1, 2, new, strange. 
nox, noctis, f., 3 (-ium), night;media nocte, at 
midnight. 
nudus, -a, -um, m/f/n., 1, 2, bare, naked, 
unprotected. 
nullus, -a, -um, m/f/n., 1, 2, gen., -ius, dat., -i, 
no, not any, none; as noun, no one. 
num, interrog. particle, in questions 
expecting the answer "No." 
numerus, -i, m., 2, number, account, amount. 
numquam, adv., never. 
nunc, adv., now, at this present moment. 
nuntio, -are, -avi, -atus, 1, announce, report. 
nuntius, -i, m., 2, messenger, message, 
news. 
nuptiae, -arum, f. pl., 1, marriage. 
nympha, -ae, f., 1, nymph. 


=====O===== 

O, interj., O!, Oh! 
ob, prep. -f- ace., on account of, against. 
objicio, -ere, jeci, -jectus, 3 (-io), 
throw against, oppose, object. 
oblongus, -a, -um, m/f/n., 1, 2, oblong. 
obses, -idis, mf., 3, hostage, pledge. 
observo, -are, -avi, -atus, 1, watch, observe, 
keep. 
obtineo, -ere, -ui, -tentus, 2, hold fast, get a 
hold on, occupy, obtain, acquire. 
occido, -ere, -cidi, -cisus, 3, cut down, kill, 
put to death. 
occupo, -are, -avi, -atus, 1, seize, capture, 
occupy. 
octavus, -a, -um, m/f/n., 1, 2, eighth. 
octo, num. adj., indecl., eight. 
oculus, -i, m., 2, eye. 
offero, -ferre, obtuli, oblatus, irreg., offer. 
officium, -i, n., 2, service, duty, employment. 
olim, adv., once on a time, formerly, once. 
omen, -inis, n., 3, omen. 
omnino, adv., in all, altogether. 
omnis, -e, mf/n., 3, every; pl., all. 
opinio, -onis, f., 3, opinion, idea. 
oportet, -ere, -uit, 2, impers., with acc. and 
inf., it is fitting, ought. 
oppidum, -i, n., 2, town. 
opprimo, -ere, -pressi, -pressus, 3, overwhelm, 
crush. 
oppngno, -are, -avi, -atus, 1, attack, assault. 
optime, adv., superl. of bene, best. 
optimus, -a, -um, m/f/n., 1, 2, superl. of 
bonus, best, very good, excellent. 
opus, -eris, n., 3, work, task, labor. 
ora, -ae, f., 1, coast, shore;ora maritima, 
sea coast. 
oraculum, -i, n., 2, oracle. 
oratio, -onis, f., 3, speech, oration; 
orationem habere, deliver a speech. 
orator, -oris, m., 3, speaker, orator. 
ordo, -inis, m., 3, row, order, rank. 
orior, -iri, ortus sum, 4, rise. 
ornamentum, -i, n., 2, ornament. 
oro, -are, -avi, -atus, 1, beg, plead, pray, ask. 
os, oris, n., 3, mouth, face. 
ostendo, -ere, -tendi, -tentus, 3, point out, 
show. 
otium, -i, n., 2, free time, leisure. 
ovis, -is, f., 3 (-ium), sheep. 


=====P===== 

paene, adv., almost. 
paeninsula, -ae, f., 1, peninsula. 
pagus, -i, m., 2, district. 
par, paris, mfn., 3, equal, equal to. 
parco, -ere, peperci, parsurus, 3, with dat., 
spare. 



parens, -entis, mf., 3, parent, father, mother. 
paro, -are, -avi, -atus, 1, prepare, get ready, 
make ready. 
pars, partis, f., 3 (-ium), part, side; ex 
omnibus partibus, from all sides. 
parvus, -a, -um, m/f/n., 1, 2, small, little; 
comp., minor; superl.,minimus. 
passus, -us, m., 4, step, stride, pace; 
mille passus, mile; milia passuum, 
miles. 
pastor, -oris, m., 3, shepherd. 
pater -tris, m., 3, father; pl., forefathers, 
senators. 
patientia, -ae, f., 1, patience. 
patior, pati, passus sum, 3, dep., suffer, 
permit. 
patria, -ae, f., 1, fatherland, native country, 
native land. 
patricius, -a, -um, m/f/n., 1, 2, noble, 
patrician. 
patricii, -orum, m. pl., 2, the patricians. 
pauci, -ae, -a, m/f/n., pl., 1, 2, few. 
paulo, adv., by a little, a little; paulo ante, a 
little while before, a short time ago; paulo 
postea, a little while afterward (later). 
paulum, adv., a little. 
pauper, -eris, mfn., 3, poor; as noun, the 
poor (person, people). 
pax, pacis, f., 3, peace. 
peccatum, -i, n., 2, sin, crime, offense. 
pecunia, -ae, f., 1, money, wealth, property. 
pedes, -itis, m., 3, footsoldier; pl., infantrymen, 
infantry. 
pejor, pejus, mf/n., 3, comp. of malus, worse. 
pello, -ere, pepuli, pulsus, 3, drive out, expel, 
strike. 
per, prep. -1- ace., through, by. 
percutio, -ere, -cussi, -cussus, 3 (-io), strike, 
strike through, pierce. 
perficio, -ere, -feci, -fectus, 3 (-io), 
accomplish, finish, do thoroughly. 
perfidia, -ae, 1, treachery, perfidy. 
perfidus, -a, -um, m/f/n., 1, 2, faithless, 
treacherous. 
periculum, -i, n., 2, danger, peril. 
peritus, -a, -um, m/f/n., 1, 2, skilled; with 
gen., skilled in. 
permitto, -ere, -misi, -missus, 3, with dat., 
intrust, permit. 
permoveo, -ere, -movi, -motus, 2, influence, 
disturb, alarm. 
perpetuus, -a, -um, m/f,/n., 1, 2, unbroken, 
lasting, perpetual; in perpetuum, forever, 
persuadeo, -ere, -suasi, -suasurus, 2, 
with dat., persuade. 
perterreo, -ere, -ui, -itus, 2, frighten 
thoroughly, terrify, alarm. 
pertineo, -ere, -ui, -, 2, extend to, relate to, 
pertain to. 
perturbo, -are, -avi, -atus, 1, disturb, perturb. 


pervenio, -ire, -veni, -venturus, 4, arrive at, 
reach. 
pes, pedis, m., 3, foot. 
pessimus, -a, -um, m/f/n., 1, 2, superl. of 
malus, worst. 
pestis, -is, f., 3 (-ium), pest, plague. 
peto, -ere, -ivi (ii), -itus, 3, with acc. of the 
thing, and a or ab with abl. of the person, 
seek, beg, ask. 
phalanx, -angis, f., 3, array of soldiers in 
close order, phalanx. 
philosophicus, -a, -um, m/f/n., 1, 2, philosophical. 
pictura, -ae, f., 1, picture. 
pilleus, -i, m., 2, cap. 
pilum, -i, n., 2, javelin, spear. 
pirata, -ae, m., 1, pirate. 
placeo, -ere, -ui, -iturus, 2, with dat., please; 
si placet, if you please. 
planeta, -ae, f., 1, planet. 
plebeius, -a, -um, m/f/n., 1, 2, plebeian; of the 
people. 
plebs, plebis, f., 3, common people, the 
plebeians. 
pluralis, -e, mf/n., 3, plural. 
plurimus, -a, -um, m/f/n., 1, 2, superl. of 
multus, most, very many. 
plus, pluris, comp. of multus, sing. as noun, 
n., more; pl. as adj., plures, plura, mf/n., 3, 
several. 
plus, adv., comp. of multum, more. 
poena, -ae, f., 1, punishment, penalty;poenas 
dare, pay the penalty. 
poeta, -ae, m., 1, poet. 
pompa, -ae, f., 1, procession, parade. 
pomum, -i, n., 2, apple, fruit. 
pono, -ere, posui, positus, 3, place, put; 
castra ponere, pitch camp. 
pons, pontis, m., 3 (-ium), bridge. 
populus, -i, m., 2, people, nation. 
porta, -ae, f., 1, gate. 
portentum, -i, n., 2, marvel, portent. 
porto, -are, -avi, -atus, 1, carry. 
possum, posse, potui, -, irreg., can, be able. 
post, prep. + ace., after, behind; adv., after, 
later. 
postea, adv., afterward, later. 
posterus, -a, -um, ml f/n., 1, 2, following, 
next; superl.,postremus. 
postquam, conj., after. 
postridie, adv., on the following day, next 
day. 
postulo, -are, -avi, -atus, 1, with ace. of the 
thing and a or ab with abl. of the person, 
demand. 
potens, -entis, mfn., 3, powerful, mighty, 
able. 
potestas, -tatis, f., 3, power, control. 
praeda, -ae, f., 1, booty. 
praeficio, -ere, -feci, -fectus, 3 (-io), with acc. 


and dat., place in charge of, place in 
command of. 
praemitto, -ere, -misi, -missus, 3, send 
ahead. 
praemium, -i, n., 2, reward, prize, premium. 
praeparo, -are, -avi, -atus, 3, prepare. 
praesidium, -i, n., 2, protection, guard, 
garrison. 
praesum, -esse, -fui, -, irreg., with dat., be in 
command of, be in charge of. 
praeter, prep. + ace., besides, except. 
praeterea, adv., besides. 
praetor, -oris, m., 3, praetor. 
premo, -ere, pressi, pressus, 3, press, press 
hard, crush. 
prex, precis, f., 3, prayer, entreaty. 
primo, adv., at first, at the beginning. 
primum, adv., for the first time, first;quam 
primum, as soon as possible. 
primus, -a, -um, m/f/n., 1, 2, first, chief; 
prima luce, at daybreak. 
princeps, -cipis, m., 3, chief, leader, first, 
leading man. 
principatus, -us, m., 4, leadership, first place. 
prior, prius, mf/n., 3, former, first; superl., 
primus. 
privatus, -a, -um, m/f/n., 1, 2, personal, 
private. 
pro, prep. + abl., for, for the sake of, instead 
of, in behalf of, in defence of. 
probo, -are, -avi, -atus, 1, prove, approve. 
procedo, -ere, -cessi, -cessurus, 3, go 
forward, advance, proceed. 
proclamo, -are, -avi, -atus, 1, proclaim. 
proconsul, -sulis, m., 3, proconsul. 
produco, -ere, -duxi, -ductus, 3, lead out, 
lead forth, produce. 
proelium, -i, n., 2, battle;proelium 
committere, begin battle. 
proficiscor, -ficisci, -fectus sum, 3, dep., set 
out, set forth, start out. 
progredior, -gredi, -gressus sum, 3 (-io), 
dep., advance, proceed, go forward. 
prohibeo, -ere, -ui, -itus, 2, keep off, keep 
out, keep away, hinder, restrain, prohibit. 
projicio, -ere, jeci, -jectus, 3 (-io), throw 
forth, throw away, cast, betray. 
promissum, -i, n., 2, promise. 
promitto, -ere, -misi, -missus, 3, promise. 
prope, adv., near, nearly, almost; prep. + acc., 
near. 
propero, -are, -avi, -atus, 1, hasten, hurry. 
propinquus, -a, -um, m/f/n., 1, 2, near; with 
dat., near to. 
propter, prep. + acc., on account of. 
propterea, adv., on that account;propterea 
quod, because. 
proscribo, -ere, -scripsi, -scriptus, 3, 
outlaw, list publicly for death, proscribe. 
protector, -oris, m., 3, protector. 


provincia, -ae, f., 1, province. 
provocatio, -onis, f., 3, challenge. 
proximus, -a, -um, m/f/n., 1, 2, superl. of 
prope, nearest, next, last. 
prudens, -entis, mfn., 3, prudent, wise. 
prudenter, adv., prudently. 
publicus, -a, -um, m/f/n., 1, 2, of the people, 
public. 
puella, -ae, f., 1, girl. 
puer, -pueri, m., 2, boy. 
puerilis, -e, mf/n., 3, youthful, boyish, 
puerile. 
pngna, -ae, f., 1, fight, battle, 
pugno, -are, -avi, -aturus, 1, fight. 
pulcher, -chra, -chrum, m/f/n., 1, 2, 
beautiful, pretty, handsome. 
pulchritudo, -inis, f., 3, beauty, pulchritude. 
punio, -ire, -ivi, -itus, 4, punish. 
puto, -are, -avi, -atus, 1, think, suppose, 
believe. 


=====Q===== 

quadrigae, -arum, f. pl., 1, four-horse 
chariot, chariot. 
quaero, -ere, -sivi, -situs, 3, with acc. of the 
thing and ab,de or ex with abl. of the 
person, inquire, seek, ask. 
quaestor, -oris, m., 3, quaestor (a Roman 
official). 
qualis, -e, mf/n., 3, of what kind (sort) ? 
quam, adv., after comparatives, than; with 
superl., as . . . as possible; interrog. adv., 
how? quam ob rem, why? quam diu, how 
long? quam diu, as long as. 
quando, interrog. adv., when? 
quantus, -a, -um, m/f/n., 1, 2, how great? 
how large? 
quartus, -a, -um, m/f/n., 1, 2, fourth. 
quattuor, num. adj., indecl., four. 
-que, conj., enclitic, and. 
qui, quae, quod,m/f/n., rel. pron., who, 
which, that; interrog. adj., what? which? 
quidam, quaedam, quoddam(quiddam), m/f/ 
n., indef. adj./prop., certain, a certain one 
(thing.) 
quinque, num. adj., indecl., five. 
quintus, -a, -um, m/f/n., 1, 2, fifth. 
quique, quaeque, quodque, m/f/n., indef. adj., 
each. 
quis, quid, interrog. pron., who? what? 
quisque, quidque, mf/n., indef. pron., each 
one, every one. 
quo, interrog. adv., whither? where? 
quod, conj., because. 
quomodo, interrog. adv., how? 
quoque, adv., postpositive, also. 
quot, interrog. adj., indecl., how many? 


=====R===== 

rapio, -ere, -ui, raptus, 3 (-io), snatch, seize, 
carry off. 
rapto, -are, -avi, -atus, 1, seize and carry 
away. 
recipio, -ere, -cepi, -ceptus, 3 (-io), take 
back; receive; se recipere, withdraw, retreat. 
recito, -are, -avi, -atus, 1, say aloud, recite. 
reddo, -ere, -didi, -ditus, 3, give back, pay 
back. 
redeo, -ire, -ii (-ivi), -iturus, irreg., go back, 
return. 
reditus, -us, m., 4, return. 
reduco, -ere, -duxi, -ductus, 3, lead back, 
bring back. 
regina, -ae, f., 1, queen. 
regio, -onis, f., 3, region. 
regno, -are, -avi, -aturus, 1, reign, rule. 
regnum, -i, n., 2, royal power, kingdom, 
throne. 
rego, -ere, rexi, rectus, 3, guide, rule, direct, 
control, manage. 
relinquo, -ere, -liqui, -lictus, 3, leave 
behind, abandon. 
reliquus, -a, -um, m/f/n., 1, 2, remaining, the 
rest of. 
remaneo, -ere, -mansi, -mansurus, 2, 
remain, stay behind. 
removeo, -ere, -movi, -motus, 2, move away, 
remove. 
repello, -ere, reppuli, repulsus, 3, drive 
back, repel, repulse. 
res, rei, f., 5, thing, matter, fact, affair; res 
publica, the state, commonwealth; res 
militaris, art of war; res novae, revolution. 
resisto, -ere, -stiti, -, 3, with dat., withstand, 
resist. 
respondeo, -ere, -spondi, -sponsus, 2, 
answer, reply, respond. 
resurrexit, he rose again. 
retineo, -ere, -ui, -tentus, 2, hold back, 
detain, retain. 
revenio, -ire, -veni, -venturus, 4, come back, 
return. 
reverentia, -ae, f., 1, reverence. 
revoco, -are, -avi, -atus, 1, call back, recall, 
revoke. 
rex, regis, m., 3, king. 
rhetoricus, -a, -um, m/f/n., 1, 2, rhetorical. 
ripa, -ae, f., 1, bank. 
rogo, -are, -avi, -atus, 1, with two 
accusatives, one of the person, one of the 
thing, ask, ask for. 
rosa, -ae, f., 1, rose. 
rostrum, -i, n., 2, beak of a bird or of a ship; 
pl., the rostra, speaker's platform. 
rota, -ae, f., 1, wheel. 
ruina, -ae, f., 1, downfall, collapse; pl., ruins. 
rursus, adv., again, back again, anew. 


rusticus, -a, -um, m/f/n., 1, 2, rustic, rural. 

=====S===== 

saccus, -i, m., 2, sack, bag. 
sacer, -cra, -crum, m/f/n., 1, 2, sacred, 
sacrificium, -i, n., 2, sacrifice. 
saeculum, -i, n., 2, age, century. 
saepe, adv., often. 
salus, -utis, f., 3, safety. 
saluto, -are, -avi, -atus, 1, greet, salute. 
salve, salvete, imperative, 2, Hail! Good 
morning! Good day! 
sanctitas, -tatis, f., 3, sanctity. 
sanctus, -a, -um, m/f/n., 1, 2, holy. 
sapientia, -ae, f., 1, wisdom. 
scelus, -eris, n., 3, crime, wicked deed. 
sceptrum, -i, n., 2, scepter. 
schola, -ae, f., 1, school. 
scientia, -ae, f., 1, knowledge, science. 
scio, -ire, -ivi, -itus, 4, know, know how. 
scribo, -ere, scripsi, scriptus, 3, write. 
scriptor, -oris, m., 3, a writer. 
scriptura, -ae, f., 1, writing, scripture. 
scutum, -i, n., 2, shield. 
secedo, -ere, -cessi, -cessurus, 3, withdraw, 
secede. 
secretus, -a, -um, m/f/n., 1, 2, set apart, 
hidden, secret. 
secundus, -a, -um, m/f/n., 1, 2, second, 
following, favorable. 
sed, conj., but. 
sedeo, -ere, sedi, sessurus, 2, sit. 
seditiosus, -a, -um, m/f/n., 1, 2, quarrelsome, 
seditious. 
sella, -ae, f., 1, seat, chair, stool. 
semper, adv., always. 
senator, -oris, m., 3, senator. 
senatus, -us, m., 4, senate. 
sentio, -ire, sensi, sensus, 4, feel, perceive, 
think. 
separo, -are, -avi, -atus, 1, put apart, set 
apart, separate. 
septem, num. adj., indecl., seven. 
septimus, -a, -um, m/f/n., 1, 2, seventh. 
sepulchrum, -i, n., 2, sepulcher. 
sequor, sequi, secutus sum, 3, dep., follow. 
serenus, -a, -um, m/f/n., 1, 2, clear, serene. 
serpens, -entis, f., 3 (-ium), serpent. 
serva, -ae, f., 1, slave (female), handmaid, 
maidservant. 
servitus, -utis, f., 3, slavery, servitude. 
servo, -are, -avi, -atus, .1, keep safe, save, 
guard. 
servus, -i, m., 2, slave (male). 
sex, num. adj., indecl., six. 
sextus, -a, -um, m/f/n., 1, 2, sixth. 
si, conj., if. 
sic, adv., so (manner), in this way. 
signum, -i, n., 2, signal, military standard. 



silentium, -i, n., 2, silence. 
silva, -ae, f., 1, forest, woods. 
similis, -e, mf/n., 3, like, similar; like to. 
similiter, adv., in like manner, similarly. 
simulacrum, -i, n., 2, likeness, image. 
simulo, -are, -avi, -atus, 1, to make like, 
pretend. 
sine,prep. + abl., without. 
singularis, -e, mf/n., 3, one by one, single, 
singular. 
sinister, -tra, -trum, m/f/n., 1, 2, left; 
sinistra, -ae, f., left hand. 
socialis, -e, mf/n., 3, sociable. 
societas, -tatis, f., 3, alliance, society. 
socius, -i, m., 2, ally, comrade. 
sol, solis, m., 3, sun. 
solidus, -a, -um, m/f/n., 1, 2, firm, solid, 
dense. 
solus, -a, -um, m/f/n., 1, 2, gen., -ius, dat., -i, 
only, sole, alone. 
somnus, -i, m., 2, sleep. 
sordidus, -a, -um, m/f/n., 1, 2, dirty, sordid. 
soror, -oris, f., 3, sister. 
spatium, -i, n., 2, space. 
spectaculum, -i, n., 2, spectacle. 
spectator, -oris, m., 3, spectator. 
specto, -are, -avi, -atus, 1, look at, watch. 
spero, -are, -avi, -atus, 1, hope; with acc., 
hope for. 
spes, spei, f., 5, hope. 
spina, -ae, f., 1, thorn, backbone. 
spiritus, -us, m., 4, spirit. 
splendidus, -a, -um, m/f/n., 1, 2, brilliant, 
shining, splendid. 
stadium, -i, n., 2, racecourse, stadium. 
statim, adv., immediately, at once. 
statua, -ae, f., 1, statue. 
statuo, -ere, -ui, -utus, 3, place, establish, 
determine. 
stella, -ae, f., 1, star. 
stimulo, -are, -avi, -atus, 1, stimulate, stir up. 
sto, stare, steti, staturus, 1, irreg., stand. 
studeo, -ere, -ui, -, 2, with dat., be eager for, 
desire; novis rebus studere, desire a change 
of government. 
studium, -i, n., 2, eagerness, zeal, study. 
sub, prep. + ace., after verbs of motion to, 
under, close up to; with expressions of time, 
toward, about; prep. + abl., place at which, 
at the foot of, under, close to. 
subito, adv., suddenly. 
sui, genitive, reflex. pron., of himself, herself, 
itself, themselves. 
sum, esse, fui, futurus, irreg., be, am, exist. 
summus, -a, -um, m/f/n., 1, 2, superl. of 
superus, greatest, highest, top of. 
sumo, -ere, sumpsi, sumptus, 3, take, put 
on, assume. 
super, prep. + acc., over, above. 
superbe, adv., proudly. 


superbia, -ae, f., 1, pride. 
superbus, -a, -um, m/f/n., 1, 2, proud. 
superi, -orum, m. pl., 2, the inhabitants of 
the upper world, the gods above. 
supero, -are, -avi, -atus, 1, conquer, 
overcome, win, defeat, surpass. 
superus, -a, -um, m/f/n., 1, 2, high, above; 
superl., supremus/summus. 
supra, adv., above. 
suscipio, -ere, -cepi, -ceptus, 3 (-io), 
undertake, assume. 
suspendo, -ere, -pendi, -pensus, 3, hang up, 
suspend. 
suspicio, -ere, -spexi, -spectus, 3 (-io), 
suspect. 
sustineo, -ere, -ui, -tentus, 2, hold out, 
withstand, sustain. 
suus, -a, -um, m/f/n., 1, 2, poss. adj./ pron., 
his, her, hers, their, theirs, its; m. pl., his 
(their) own friends (followers). 


=====T===== 

tabella, -ae, f., 1, tablet. 
taberna, -ae, f., 1, shop. 
tabula, -ae, f., 1, record, list, tablet. 
talis, -e, mf/n., 3, of such a kind, such. 
tam, adv., with adj./adv., so, to such a 
degree. 
tamen, conj., however, nevertheless. 
tandem, adv., finally, at last, at length. 
tantus, -a, -um, m/f/n., 1, 2, so great. 
taurus, -i, m., 2, bull. 
telum, -i, n., 2, weapon, missile, dart. 
temperantia, -ae, f., 1, temperance. 
tempestas, -tatis, f., 3, storm, tempest. 
templum, -i, n., 2, temple. 
tempto, -are, -avi, -atus, 1, try, test, attempt. 
tempus, -oris, n., 3, time. 
teneo, -ere, -ui, tentus, 2, hold, keep, 
occupy; memoria tenere, remember. 
terminus, -i, m., 2, limit, end, terminus. 
terra, -ae, f., 1, earth, land, country. 
terreo, -ere, -ui, -itus, 2, frighten, terrify. 
terror, -oris, m., 3, terror. 
tertius, -a, -um, m/f/n., 1, 2, third. 
thronum, -i, n., 2, throne. 
timeo, -ere, -ui, -, 2, fear, be afraid of. 
timidus, -a, -um, m/f/n., 1, 2, timid. 
timor, -oris, m., 3, fear, terror. 
toga, -ae, f., 1, toga. 
torrens, -entis, m., 3, torrent. 
totus, -a, -um, m/f/n., 1, 2, gen., -ius, dat.,-i, 
whole, entire, all. 
trado, -ere, -didi, -ditus, 3, hand over, give 
up, surrender. 
traduco, -ere, -duxi, -ductus, 3, lead across, 
lead over, transport. 
traho, -ere, traxi, tractus, 3, draw, drag. 
tranquillitas, -tatis, f., 3, tranquillity. 


trans, prep. + acc., across, over. 
transeo, -ire, -ii (-ivi), -itus, irreg., cross 
over, go across, cross, pass through. 
transmarinus, -a, -um, m/f/n., 1, 2, 
transmarine, from across the sea, foreign. 
transporto, -are, -avi, -atus, 1, carry over, 
transport. 
tres, tria, mf/n., three. 
tribunal, -alis, n., 3 (-ium), tribunal. 
tribunus, -i, m., 2, tribune. 
tribus, -us, f., tribe. 
tridens, -entis, m., 3 (-ium), threepronged 
spear, trident. 
triste, adv., sadly. 
tristis, -e, mf/n., 3, sad. 
triumphalis, -e, mf/n., 3, triumphal. 
triumphus, -i, m., 2, triumphal procession, 
triumph. 
triumviri, -orum, m. pl., 2, a board or 
commission of three men. 
tu, tui, mf., pers. pron., you. 
tuba, -ae, f., 1, trumpet. 
tum, adv., then, at that time. 
tunica, -ae, f., 1, tunic (a sleeveless garment 
worn by Romans). 
turba, -ae, f., 1, crowd, uproar. 
tutor, -oris, m., 3, guardian, tutor. 
tutus, -a, -um, m/f/n., 1, 2, safe. 
tuus, -a, -um, m/f/n., 1, 2, poss. adj./ pron., 
your, yours (of one person). 


=====U===== 

ubi, interrog. adv., where?; rel. adv., where, 
when. 
ubique, adv., everywhere. 
ullus, -a, -um, m/f/n., 1, 2, gen., -ius, dat., -i, 
used in negative expressions, any at all. 
ulterior, -ius, mf/n., 3, comp. adj., ulterior, 
farther. 
ultimus, -a, -um, m/f/n., 1, 2, last, farthest, 
remotest. 
umquam, adv., ever. 
una, adv., along with. 
unda, -ae, f., 1, wave. 
unde, adv., whence; interrog. adv., whence? 
undique, adv., from all sides, on all sides, 
everywhere. 
unus, -a, -um, m/f/n., 1, 2, gen., -ius, dat., -i, 
one; pl., alone, only. 
urbunus, -a, -um, m/f/n., 1, 2, pertaining to a 
city, urban. 
urbs, urbis, f., 3 (-ium), city. 
ut, conj., with subjunctive clause of 
purpose, that, in order that; with subjunctive 
clause 
of result, so that; with indicative, as, just as. 
uter, utra, utrum, m/f/n., 1, 2, gin., -ius, dat., 
-i, interrog. prop./adj., which (of two)? 
whichever? 



uterque, utraque, utrumque, m/f/n., 1, 2, 
gen., -ius, dat., -i, each (of two); pl., both. 
utilis, -e, mf/n., 3, useful, usable. 
uxor, -oris, f., 3, wife. 

=====V===== 

vacuus, -a, -um, m/f/n., 1, 2, empty, vacant. 
vale, valete, imperative, 2, Farewell! 
validus, -a, -um, m/f/n., 1, 2, powerful, 
strong. 
valles, -is, f., 3(-ium), valley. 
vallum, -i, n., 2, rampart, wall. 
varius, -a, -um, m/f/n., 1, 2, various. 
vasto, -are, -avi, -atus, 1, lay waste, ravage, 
devastate. 
vates, -is, mf., 3 (-ium), soothsayer, prophet, 
seer, poet. 
venia, -ae, f., 1, favor, pardon. 
venio, -ire, veni, venturus, 4, come. 
ventus, -i, m., 2, wind. 
verbum, -i,n., 2, word. 
vere, adv., truly, really. 
vereor, -eri, veritus sum, 2, dep., fear, revere. 
vero, adv., in truth, indeed, really, but. 
vertex, -icis, m., 3, summit, vertex. 
verto, -ere, verti, versus, 3, turn. 
verum, -i, n., 2, truth; adv., truly, but. 
verus, -a, -um, m/f/n., 1, 2, true. 
vesper, -eri, m., 2, evening. 
vester, -tra, -trum, m/f/n., 1, 2, poss. adj./ 
pron., your, yours (of more than one 
person). 
veteranus, -a, -um, m/f/n., 1, 2, old, veteran. 
veto, -are, vetui, vetitus, 1, irreg., forbid, veto. 
via, -ae, f., 1, road, street, way. 
victima, -ae, f., 1, victim. 
victor, -oris, m., 3, victor, conqueror. 
victoria, -ae, f., 1, victory. 
vicus, -i, m., 2, village. 
video, -ere, vidi, visus, 2, see. 
videor, -eri, visus sum, 2, passive of video, 
seem, appear. 


vigilia, -ae, f., 1, watch, night watch (one 
fourth of the night). 
vigilo, -are, -avi, -aturus, 1, be awake, watch. 
viginti, num. adj., indecl., twenty. 
villa, -ae, f., 1, farmhouse, country house, 
farm, villa. 
vinco, -ere, vici, victus, 3, conquer, defeat, 
win. 
violentia, -ae, f., 1, violence. 
vir, viri, m., 2, man. 
virgo, -inis, f., 3, maiden, virgin. 
virilis, -e, mf/n., 3, manly, virile. 
virtus, -utis, f., 3, courage, manliness, virtue. 
vis, vis, f., irreg., force, power, violence; pl., 
vires, virium, strength, might;vim facere, 
use force. 
visito, -are, -avi, -atus, 1, visit. 


vita, -ae, f., 1, life. 
vito, -are, -avi, -atus, 1, avoid, shun. 
vivo, -ere, vixi, victus, 3, live, be alive. 
vivus, -a, -um, m/f/n., 1, 2, alive, living.vix, 
adv., barely, scarcely, hardly. 
voco, -are, -avi, -atus, 1, call, summon.volo, are, 
-avi, -aturus, 1, fly. 
volo, velle, volui, -, irreg., wish, be willing, 
desire. 
voluntas, -tatis, f., 3, wish, good will. 
vos, vestrum, mf., pets. pron., pl. of tu, you. 
vox, vocis, f., 3, voice; pl., words;magna 
voce, in a loud voice. 
vulnero, -are, -avi, -atus, 1, wound. 
vulnus, -eris, n., 3, wound. 
vultur, -uris, m., 3, vulture.